Biographical Memoirs: V.80 (biographical Memoirs: A Series)

Biographical Memoirs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS The National Academy Press publishes the reports issued by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under a charter granted by the Congress of the United States. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Biographical Memoirs VOLUME 80 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. 0-309-08281-1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629 Available from INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE , N . W . WASHINGTON , D . C . COPYRIGHT 2001 20418 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS PREFACE vii DANIEL I. ARNON 3 BY BOB B. BUCHANAN LIPMAN BERS 23 BY IRWIN KRA AND HYMAN BASS GEORGE DAVID BIRKHOFF 45 BY OSWALD VEBLEN KARL WOLFGANG DEUTSCH 59 BY RICHARD L. MERRITT, BRUCE M. RUSSETT, AND ROBERT A. DAHL ZVI GRILICHES 81 BY MARC NERLOVE JOHN C. HARSANYI 109 BY KENNETH J. ARROW MICHAEL HEIDELBERGER 123 BY HERMAN N. EISEN ALFRED DAY HERSHEY 143 BY FRANKLIN W. STAHL v vi CONTENTS KARL FERDINAND HERZFELD 161 BY JOSEPH F. MULLIGAN WILLIAM SUMMER JOHNSON 185 BY GILBERT STORK RICHARD STOCKTON MAC NEISH 201 BY KENT V. FLANNERY AND JOYCE MARCUS EDWARD JAMES MCSHANE 227 BY LEONARD D. BIRKOVITZ AND WENDELL H. FLEMING ROBERT LEE METCALF 241 BY MAY BERENBAUM AND RICHARD LAMPMAN DAVID RITTENBERG 257 BY DAVID SHEMIN AND RONALD BENTLEY RUTH SAGER 277 BY ARTHUR B. PARDEE RAY FRED SMITH 291 BY PERRY ADKISSON, WILLIAM ALLEN, JOHN CASIDA, AND EDWARD SYLVESTER FRANK HAROLD SPEDDING 301 BY JOHN D. CORBETT SAM BARD TREIMAN 329 BY STEPHEN L. ADLER ROBERT RATHBUN WILSON 349 BY BOYCE D. M CDANIEL AND ALBERT SILVERMAN ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD BY ELKAN BLOUT 367 PREFACE On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original cha