OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN BRAIN AND NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH
This page intentionally left blank
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN BRAIN AND NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH RONALD ROSS WATSON University of Arizona, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
FABIEN DE MEESTER DMF Ltd Co., Belgium
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA Copyright r 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (144) (0) 1865 843830; fax (144) (0) 1865 853333; email:
[email protected] Alternatively, visit the Science and Technology Books website at www.elsevierdirect.com/rights for further information. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-410527-0 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India www.adi-mps.com Printed and bound in United States of America 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents Preface xi List of Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xvii
4. Unregulated Lipid Peroxidation in Neurological Dysfunction MOTOTADA SHICHIRI, YASUKAZU YOSHIDA AND ETSUO NIKI
Introduction 31 Lipid Oxidation Biomarkers for Neurological Dysfunction 32 Lipid Peroxidation Products from Linoleic Acid 32 Lipid Peroxidation Products from AA 32 Neurological Dysfunction Associated with Lipid Peroxidation 37 Mechanisms of Free Radical Production in Neurological Disorders 38 References 44 Additional References 51
1. Enhanced Longevity and Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids VIJAY KARAM SINGH AND RONALD ROSS WATSON
Introduction 1 Longevity 1 Food Restriction for Enhanced Longevity 2 Calorie Restriction for Longevity 2 Smoking and Reduced Longevity 2 Genetics, a Key Modifier of Longevity 3 Genetic Diseases and Longevity 3 Genomics 4 Environmental Factors and Longevity 4 Animal Tests and Longevity 5 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Longevity 5 References 6 Further Reading 7
5. Obesity, Western Diet Intake, and Cognitive Impairment SCOTT E. KANOSKI, TED M. HSU AND STEVEN PENNELL
Obesity and Cognitive Impairment 57 Western Diet Intake and Cognitive Impairment Summary 61 References 61
58
2. Molecular Gerontology: Principles and Perspectives for Interventions
6. Genetic Risk Factors for Diabetic Neuropathy
SURESH I.S. RATTAN
CARMINE GAZZARUSO AND ADRIANA COPPOLA
Introduction 9 Molecular Basis of Aging 10 Genetics, Post-Genetics, and Epigenetics of Aging Aging Interventions 12 Hormetics, Hormesis, and Hormetins 14 Referen