E-Book Content
SCIENCE VISUAL RESOURCES
CHEMISTRY An Illustrated Guide to Science
The Diagram Group
Chemistry: An Illustrated Guide to Science Copyright © 2006 The Diagram Group Author:
Derek McMonagle BSc PhD CSci CChem FRSC
Editors:
Eleanora von Dehsen, Jamie Stokes, Judith Bazler
Design:
Anthony Atherton, Richard Hummerstone, Lee Lawrence, Phil Richardson
Illustration:
Peter Wilkinson
Picture research:
Neil McKenna
Indexer:
Martin Hargreaves
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Introduction Chemistry is one of eight volumes of the Science Visual Resources
set. It contains eight sections, a comprehensive glossary, a Web site guide, and an index. Chemistry is a learning tool for students and teachers. Full-color
diagrams, graphs, charts, and maps on every page illustrate the essential elements of the subject, while parallel text provides key definitions and step-by-step explanations. Atomic Structure provides an overview of the very basic structure
of physical matter. It looks at the origins of the elements and explains the nature of atoms and molecules. Elements and Compounds examines the characteristics of the
elements and their compounds in detail. Tables give the boiling points, ionization energies, melting points, atomic volumes, atomic numbers, and atomic masses key elements. Plates also describe crystal structures and covalent bonding. Changes in Matter is an overview of basic chemical processes and
methods. It looks at mixtures and solutions, solubility, chromatography, and the pH scale. Patterns—Non-Metals and Patterns—Metals focus on the
properties of these two distinct groups of elements. These sections also include descriptions of the industrial processes used when isolating important elements of both types. Chemical Reactions looks at the essential factors that influence
reactions. It includes information on proton transfer, electrolysis, redox reactions, catalysts, and the effects of concentration and temperature. Chemistry of Carbon details the chemical reactions involving
carbon that are vital to modern industry—from the distillation of crude oil to the synthesis of polymers and the manufacture of soaps and detergents. This section also includes an overview of the chemistry of life. Radioactivity is concerned with ionizing radiation, nuclear fusion,
nuclear fission, and radioactive decay, as well as the properties of radiation. Tables describe all known isotopes, both radioactive and non-radioactive.
Contents 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Formation of stars Fate of stars The solar system Planet composition Planetary density, size, and atmosphere Atomic structure Geiger and Marsden’s apparatus Investigating the electron 1 Investigating the electron 2 Cathode ray oscilloscope
18 Measuring the charge on the electron 19 Size and motion of molecules 20 Det