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The authors present a vital and unsettling analysis of the foreign policy-making processes of the two Bush administrations prior to the attacks on Iraq. In a systematic and thorough comparison, they show how both presidents used historical analogies to evaluate information, relied on instinct to formulate decisions, and drew on moral language to justify their choices.
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Advances in Foreign Policy Analysis Series Editor: Alex Mintz Foreign policy analysis offers rich theoretical perspectives and diverse methodological approaches. Scholars specializing in foreign policy analysis produce a vast output of research. Yet, there were only very few specialized outlets for publishing work in the field. Addressing this need is the purpose of Advances in Foreign Policy Analysis. The series bridges the gap between academic and policy approaches to foreign policy analysis, integrates across levels of analysis, spans theoretical approaches to the field, and advances research utilizing decision theory, utility theory, and game theory. Members of the Board of Advisors: Allison Astorino-Courtois Steve Chan Margaret Hermann Valerie Hudson Patrick James Jack Levy Zeev Maoz Bruce M. Russett Donal Sylvan Steve Walker Dina A. Zinnes Betty Hanson Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making Edited by Alex Mintz Studies in International Mediation Edited by Jacob Bercovitch Media, Bureaucracies, and Foreign Aid: A Comparative Analysis of United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Japan By Douglas A. Van Belle, Jean-Sébastien Rioux, and David M. Potter Civil-Military Dynamics, Democracy, and International Conflict: A new Quest for International Peace By Seung-Whan Choi and Patrick James Economic Sanctions and Presidential Decisions: Models of Political Rationality By A. Cooper Drury Purpose and Policy in the Global Community By Bruce Russett Modeling Bilateral International Relations: The Case of US-China Interactions By Xinsheng Liu Beliefs and Leadership in World Politics: Methods and Applications of Operational Code Analysis Edited by Mark Schafer and Stephen G. Walker Approaches, Levels and Methods of Analysis in International Politics Edited by Harvey Starr The Bush Administrations and Saddam Hussein: Deciding on Conflict Alex Roberto Hybel and Justin Matthew Kaufman The Bush Administrations and Saddam Hussein Deciding on Conflict Alex Roberto Hybel and Justin Matthew Kaufman THE BUSH ADMINISTRATIONS AND SADDAM HUSSEIN © Alex Roberto Hybel, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–1–4039–7578–2 ISBN-10: 1–4039–7578–7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hybel, Alex Roberto The Bush administrations and Saddam Hussein : deciding on conflict / by Alex Roberto Hybel and Matthew. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–7578–7 1. United States––Foreign relations––Iraq. 2. Iraq––Foreign relations––United States. 3. United States––Foreign relations––1989– 4. United States––Military policy. 5. Bush, George, 1924– 6. Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946– 7. Hussein, Saddam, 1