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OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY AN ANNUAL REVIEW Volume 24 OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY AN ANNUAL REVIEW Volume 24 HAROLD BARNES, Founder Editor MARGARET BARNES, Editor The Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory Oban, Argyll, Scotland ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1986 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. © Aberdeen University Press 1986 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review.—Vol. 24 1. Oceanography—Periodicals 2. Marine biology—Periodicals 551.46’005 GC1 ISBN 0-203-40064-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-70888-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0 08 032458-4 (Print Edition) ISSN 0078-3218 PREFACE This series of Annual Reviews has again benefited from contributions sent by scientists from many parts of the world. Working with them has been a pleasure and they have all willingly acceded to editorial requests. Few editors can be so well served by her colleagues and I am grateful to them all; Drs A.D.Ansell, R.N.Gibson, and T.H.Pearson deserve special thanks. The publishers continue to produce this series with meticulous care which reduces editorial worries. 7 CONTENTS page 7 PREFACE Marine Minerals in the Pacific G.P.GLASBY