ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD POVERTY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD POVERTY Volume 1: A–G GENERAL EDITOR M. Odekon, Ph.D. SKIDMORE COLLEGE Copyright © 2006 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Volume 1 Cover Photo: Abandoned lot in Newburgh, New York. Credit: Kenneth Gabrielsen Photography. Volume 2 Cover Photo: Housing for citrus workers in Lindsay, Tulare County, February 1939. Credit: Dorothea Lange/Corbis. Volume 3 Cover Photo: Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon, January 1986. Credit: Françoise de Mulder/Corbis. For information: Sage Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail:
[email protected] Sage Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver's Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B-42, Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 110 017 India Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of world poverty / general editor, Mehmet Odekon. p. cm. “A SAGE reference publication.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-4129-1807-3 (cloth) 1. Poverty—Encyclopedias. 2. Poor—Encyclopedias. I. Odekon, Mehmet. HV12.E54 2006 362.503—dc22 2006006495 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GOLSON BOOKS, LTD. President and Editor J. Geoffrey Golson Managing Editor Mary Le Rouge Design Director Kevin Hanek Proofreader Lori D. Kranz Indexer Gail Liss SAGE REFERENCE Vice President and Publisher Editorial Assistant Production Editor Production Artist Rolf Janke Michele Thompson Sanford Robinson Michelle Lee Kenny ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD POVERTY Contents Introduction vii Reader’s Guide xi Chronology of Poverty ix L