Speaking And Writing Strategies For The Toefl Ibt

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Increase your TOEFL iBT score by increasing your speaking and writing scores. How? By using the strategy called argument mapping. Why argument mapping? Because the TOEFL iBT speaking and writing sections are all argument-based tasks. That means if you want high speaking and writing scores, you must know how to map out (develop and deliver) spoken and written arguments, quickly and proficiently. With argument mapping, you will be able to do just that. Best of all, you can apply argument mapping to all six speaking tasks and both writing tasks. That means you will spend less time reading about strategies and more time practicing them. You Will Also Learn: * Essential rhetorical strategies and opinion development strategies * Step-by-step basic responses for all speaking and writing tasks * Step-by-step advanced responses for all speaking and writing tasks * Step-by-step emergency responses for all speaking and writing tasks * How to revise your spoken and written responses to maximize scoring * How to rate spoken and written responses quickly and proficiently ARGUMENT DEVELOPMENT Learn basic and advanced argument development strategies to maximize your speaking and writing scores. By doing so, you can increase your TOEFL score. ARGUMENT MAPPING Learn test-proven speaking and writing strategies quickly and proficiently using the graphics-based strategy called argument mapping. SCORING STRATEGIES Learn how to think like a TOEFL rater so you know exactly what to say and write to maximize scoring.

E-Book Content

ii - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT Copyright © 2009 by Bruce Stirling All rights reserved. Duplication, distribution or database storage of any part of this work by any means is prohibited without prior written approval of the publisher. G+3TiC=C® and OPDUL=C® are registered trademarks. For permission to use material from this text or CD, please forward your request to [email protected] ISBN-10: 1-889057-58-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-889057-58-3 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT On the web at www.argumentmapping.com. This text is also available as a phone app. Visit www.novapress.net or iTunes for more information. Nova Press 11659 Mayfield Avenue Los Angeles, CA USA 90049 1-800-949-6175 [email protected] www.novapress.net TOEFL® is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Services (ETS®), Princeton, New Jersey, USA. The material in this text, including argument maps, speaking and writing prompts, speaking and writing strategies, speaking and writing sample responses, and the proficiency checklists and rating guides, were created and designed exclusively by the author, Bruce Stirling. This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS. Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT - iii Contents DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT ………………………..……………………….….. 1 Arguments and the TOEFL iBT…………………………………………..……………… 1 What is an Argument?…………………………………………………………………….. 1 Personal-Opinion Argument: Deduction .……………………………………………… 2 Rhetorical Strategies ………………………………………………………………………. 4 Personal-Opinion Argument: Induction ……………………………..………………… 7 Developing Your Opinion ………………………………….……………………………… 8 Fact-Based Argument: Deduction ………………………………………………………11 Fact-Based Argument: Induction .………………………………………………………13 Coherence = A High Score ………………….………………………………………….. 14 Argument Mapping………………………..……………………………………………… 14 G+3TiC=C…..…………………………………………………………………………….... 15 TASK ORDER……………………………………………………………………………… 19 WRITING TASKS INDEPENDENT ESSAY.………………………………………………………….… 21 G+3TiC=C…………….…………………………………………………………………..… 21 Basic Independent Essay……………………………………………………………… 22 Ag
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