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What is popular defense? From whom do we have to defend ourselves?Originally civilian populations were capable of defending themselves both in times of peace and war. A military racket was subsequently imposed upon them in the name of protection and popular defense lost its capacity to resist external attack. In case of total war, between the native populations which form the constitutional basis of all great modern states and the military now in charge of defending them there was no more "common culture." Industrial wars subsequently managed to replace the thousand-year-old pact of semi-colonization with total colonization. First experimented with in South America, this kind of "endo-colonization" (the military cracking down on its own population) was gradually extended to all the post-industrial countries through the exponential development of the techno-military complex.
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SEMIOTEXTIEJ l'OREIGN AGENTS SERIES JIM fuMING & SnvERE LO'fRINGER, EDI1'ORSG
IN TIlE SHAOOW OF THE SILENT MAJORITIES
Jean BaudrWard NOMADOLOGY; THE WAR MACHINE
Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari DRIFTWORKS
Jean-Franf0is Lyotard POPULAR DEFENSE AND ECOLOGICAL STRUGGLES
Paul Virilio SIMULATIONS
Jean Baudrillard THE SOCIAL FACTORY
Toni Negri & Mario Tronti PURE WAR
Paul Virilio & Sylv�re £otringer LOOKING BACK ON TIlE END OF THE WORLD
Jean Baudrillard Gunter Gebauer Dietmar Kamper Dieter Lenzen Edgar Morin Gerburg Treusch-Dieter Paul Virilio Christoph WUlf FOUCAULT UVE
Michel Foucault FORGET FOUCAULT
Jean Baudrillard BEHOLD METATRON, TIlE RECORDING ANGEL
Sol Yurick
BOLO 'BOLO
P.M. SPEED AND POUTICS
Paul Viri/io ONTHEUNE
Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari SADNESS AT LEAVING
ErjeAyden REMARKS ON MARX
Michel Foucault 69 WAYS TO SING THE BLUES Jiirg Laederach INTERVENTIONS
Michel Foucault ASSASSINATION RHAPSODY
Derek Pel! GERMANlA Heiner Mueller
NATIVI Not the immediate, avail
IN GENERAL, THE STATE'S HISTORICAL IDEALISM
able information that "breaks ground," but a "sci-
emerges just when war itself is reborn in ideal
PAUL VIRILIO
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forms,S when it is technically distinguished from a simple punitive expedition, torn from local com promises, to become pure and hard. Until the nine teenth century, military monasticism (backed by the legal and social monasticism of the Inquisi tion) was the a-national and democratic revolu tionary avant-garde of the universal Roman State, the origin of the powerful Spanish military or ganization and, in direct succession, of the Prus sian State itself. 9
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and carries itself into effect. .. The World Spirit
(Weltgeist) is the substance of history." In a short preface, Clausewitz, for his part, turns away from any meditation on war which is not connected to concrete fact. He has never, he says, avoided logical conclusions. But "whenever the thread became too thin, I have preferred to break it off and go back to the relevant phenom ena of experience.... It would obviously be a mis take," he adds, "to determine the form of an ear of wheat by analyzing the chemical elements of its
00000 WESTERN MILITARY CULTURE ALWAYS STINKS OF coaches and army trains in which the treasures of defeated nations are hastily piled, to be carrie d to museums and art galleries. While Germany bridles at "Greek temples" made of brick, Hegel dusts off Heraclitus, seeking a new eschatology for the an cient Teutonic Order of Knights. "In History, we must look for a general design, the ultimate end of the world, and not a particular end of the subjective spirit or mind.
The sale aim of philosophical enquiry is to eliminate chance. Reason is self-sufficient and conta