A Guideto Mrure in Winter
A Guide to Nature in Winter Northeastand Norh Central North America
DOI{ALD W. STOKES Illustratedby
Deborah Prince and the author
Little, Brown and Company Boston - New York -Toronto - London
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IN PUBLTCATTON
DATA
Stokes,Donald W A guide to nature in winter. Bibliography: p. Includes index. l. Natural history-North Anrerica. 2. Winter-North America. g. Nature study. I. Title. QH roz.576 SZ4.S'u974 76-2686r ISBN o-316-817zo-r(hc) ISBN o-3r6-8r 723-6(pb) HC: PB:
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How to Use This Book
This book contains a number of separate field guides, one for each prominent aspect of nature in winter. Each guide is divided into three parts: general information on the subject, a k"y for identifying the different members of the subject, and specific natural history descriptions of each of the members. The general information will be most useful if you read it before going out, for it will most likely expand your conception of winter and sharpen your approach to seeing. The keys are designed for simple use in the field, but becoming familiar with them ahead of time will make it easier for you to identify things when you ftnd them. After identifying a plant or animal, look up its name in the natural history description that follows the k"yt the names are in alphabetical order. These descriptions point out things to look for and enjoy in what you have found. If it is too cold to read them in the field, remember the name and read the description later in the warmth of your home.
Contents
1.
Winter Weeds Keg to Winter Weeds N atural H is'toryD escriptions
2.
Snow
58
KeAto Snou Crysfals N atural H istory Descriptions Wintering Trees
74
KeVto Wintering Trees N atural H istory D escriptions Evidence of Insects
r46
Chart of Eoidenceof lnsects N atural H istory Descriptions Winter's Birds and Abandoned Nests KeA to Winter's Birds Birds'NestsinWinter GeneralCategoriesof NestsCommonly Found.inWinter N atural H istory D escriptions
183
6. Mushrooms in Winter
246
KeVto Winter Mushrooms N atural H istory D escriptions 7. Tracks in the Snow KerJto Animal Tracks KeVto Track Patterns Detailed Descriptionsof Track Patterrw KeA to Bird Traclcs N atural H istory D escriptions 8. Woodland EvergreenPlants
338
KeAto Woodland,EoergreenPlnfis N atural H istory D escriptions Bibliography
368
Index
37t
A Guideto Nature in Winter
Winter Weeds
pEopLE THrNK weeds are particularly offensive n /t osr type