A Guideto Mrure in Winter A Guide to Nature in Winter Northeastand Norh Central North America DOI{ALD W. STOKES Illustratedby Deborah Prince and the author Little, Brown and Company Boston - New York -Toronto - London cor'yRIcHT ALL IN RIGHTS ANY FORI\T CLUDINC By rgZ6 @ RESERVED. OR PERMISSION rN LIBRARY OF I\fAY FROli{ QUOTE sroKEs THTS ELECTRONIC STORAGE WRITING wHo PART ANY BY TNFORMATION w. DoNALD NO AND THE AND BOOK OR BE REPRODUCED N{ECHANICAL RETRIEVAL PUDLTSHER, BRIEF pRrNcE DEnoRAH IUAY MEANS SYSTETTS EXCEPT rfy A REVTEWER PASSAGES rN A REvtEW. OF CONGRESS
[email protected] IN PUBLTCATTON DATA Stokes,Donald W A guide to nature in winter. Bibliography: p. Includes index. l. Natural history-North Anrerica. 2. Winter-North America. g. Nature study. I. Title. QH roz.576 SZ4.S'u974 76-2686r ISBN o-316-817zo-r(hc) ISBN o-3r6-8r 723-6(pb) HC: PB: 15 15 14 14 13 12 ll rog8 MV.NY Designedby Su.sanWindheinr Published simultaneouslydn Catuda by Little, Brou;nb Companv (Citrcdal Limited PNINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMENICA IN- \II/ITHOUT How to Use This Book This book contains a number of separate field guides, one for each prominent aspect of nature in winter. Each guide is divided into three parts: general information on the subject, a k"y for identifying the different members of the subject, and specific natural history descriptions of each of the members. The general information will be most useful if you read it before going out, for it will most likely expand your conception of winter and sharpen your approach to seeing. The keys are designed for simple use in the field, but becoming familiar with them ahead of time will make it easier for you to identify things when you ftnd them. After identifying a plant or animal, look up its name in the natural history description that follows the k"yt the names are in alphabetical order. These descriptions point out things to look for and enjoy in what you have found. If it is too cold to read them in the field, remember the name and read the description later in the warmth of your home. Contents 1. Winter Weeds Keg to Winter Weeds N atural H is'toryD escriptions 2. Snow 58 KeAto Snou Crysfals N atural H istory Descriptions Wintering Trees 74 KeVto Wintering Trees N atural H istory D escriptions Evidence of Insects r46 Chart of Eoidenceof lnsects N atural H istory Descriptions Winter's Birds and Abandoned Nests KeA to Winter's Birds Birds'NestsinWinter GeneralCategoriesof NestsCommonly Found.inWinter N atural H istory D escriptions 183 6. Mushrooms in Winter 246 KeVto Winter Mushrooms N atural H istory D escriptions 7. Tracks in the Snow KerJto Animal Tracks KeVto Track Patterns Detailed Descriptionsof Track Patterrw KeA to Bird Traclcs N atural H istory D escriptions 8. Woodland EvergreenPlants 338 KeAto Woodland,EoergreenPlnfis N atural H istory D escriptions Bibliography 368 Index 37t A Guideto Nature in Winter Winter Weeds pEopLE THrNK weeds are particularly offensive n /t osr type