ANNUAL REPORTS ON NMR SPECTROSCOPY This Page Intentionally Left Blank A N N U A L REPORTS O N NMR SPECTROSCOPY Edited by G. A. WEBB Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England VOLUME 20 1988 ACADEMIC PRESS Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers . London . San Diego New York Boston . Sydney . Tokyo Toronto . ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24/28 Oval Road, LONDON NW17DX U.S . Edition Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. San Diego, CA92101 Copyright 0 1988by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher Britisb Library Cataloguing in PublicationData Annual reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Vot. 20 1. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -periodicals 541.2’8 QD96.N8. ISBN 0-12-505320-7 ISSN 0066-4103 Typeset by EJS Chemical Composition, Midsomer Norton, Bath and printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk List of Contributors Dr Peter P. Edwards, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. Dr Ahmed Ellaboudy , University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. Dr Dolores M. Holton, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. Dr P . G. Morris, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. Dr Nicholas C. Pyper , University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. Dr A. R. Siedle, Corporate Research Laboratoriesl3M, 3M Center, P.O. Box 33221, St Paul, Minnesota 55133-3221, USA. Professor B. Wrackmeyer, Laboratorium fur Anorganische Chemie, llniversitat Bayreuth, Postfach 10 12 51, 0-8580 Bayreuth, Federal Republic of Germany. V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface Volume 20 of Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy consists of accounts covering three main areas of molecular science. NMR of living systems is covered, for the first time in this series, by Dr P. G. Morris. Various aspects of boron NMR are dealt with in two, largely complementary, chapters by Professor B. Wrackmeyer and Dr A. R. Siedle. This topic has previously been reviewed in Volume 12 of this series. The third area to be reported on is that of NMR studies of alkali anions in non-aqueous solvents by Drs P. P. Edwards, A. Ellaboudy, D. M. Holton and N. C. Pyper. It is a great pleasure for me to record my thanks to all of the contributors for their considerable efforts in the preparation of their reports. G. A. WEBB University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey England vii This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . v Preface . . . . . . . vii . . . NMR Spectroscopy in Living Systems PETER G . MORRIS I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Sample preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A . Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H . Isolated organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C . Intact animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Localization methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H . Localized spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Spectroscopic imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV . Measurement of intracellular cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . A . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H . Calcium and zinc indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C . Magnesium indi