ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology VOLUME 32 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology Edited by ALLEN 1. LASKIN Somerset, New Jersey VOLUME 32 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovlch, Publlrhen Orlando San Diego New York Austin Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT @ 1987 BY ACADEMIC PRESS. INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando. Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published b.v ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road. London NW I 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG ISBN 0-12-002632-5 CARD N U M B E R :59-13823 (alk. paper) PRINTED IN M E UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 87 88 89 90 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I CONTENTS Microbial Corrosion of Metals WARRENP. IVERSON I. I1. I11 IV V VI . VII VIII . . . . . Introduction .................................................... Corrosion ...................................................... Microorganisms Involved in Corrosion ............................. Mechanisms of Microbial Corrosion ................................ Microbial Corrosion of Ferrous Alloys .............................. Microbial Corrosion of Nonferrous Metals and Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PreventionandControl ........................................... Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 6 11 21 22 27 30 31 Economics of the Bioconversion of Biomass to Methane and Other Vendable Products RUDYJ. WODZINSKI. ROBERTN . GENNARO. AND MICHAEL H . SCHOLLA I . Introduction .................................................... ..................................................... Overview of Computer Programs ................................... I1. Input Data . 111 IV. V. VI . VII . VIII . IX . X. XI . XI1. XI11. XIV . Substrates for Anaerobic Digestion ................................. Capital Costs . . . . . .................................. Process Conditions .................................. Digester. Gas. Solids d Liquid Effluent Process Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting Profitability of Dairy Cattle Waste Digestion . . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting Profitability of Beef Feedlot Waste Digestion . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting Profitability of Swine Waste Digestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting Profitability of Poultry Waste Digestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting Profitability of Water Hyacinth Digestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of Potential Process Improvements on the Economics of MethaneProduction ............................................. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... References ....................................... .... 37 38 38 48 49 53 57 64 64 66 69 84 86 The Microbial Production of 2.9Butanediol ROBERTJ . MAGEEAND NAIM KOSARIC . I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 . Microbio