ADVANCES
IN
GEOPHYSICS
VOLUME I8A
Advances in
GEOPHYSICS Edited by H. E. LANDSBERG lnrtftute for FluM Dynamics and Eqplrcd Mathematics University of Maryland, Cdlegt Park, Maryland
J. V A N MIEGHEM Royal Belgian Meteorological Institute Uccle, &Ilium
Editorkd Advisory Committee BERNARD HAURWITZ ROGER REVELLE
R. STONELEY URHO A. UOTllA
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS AND INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS
TURBULENT DIFFUSION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTlON Proceedings of a Symposium held at Charlottesville, Virginia, April 8-14, 1973
Edited by
F. N. FRENKIEL Naval Ship Research and Development Center Betherdo, Maryland
R. E. MUNN Atmospheric Environment Service Toronto. Ontario, Canada
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CONTENTS LIST OF C o ~ i ' w w m u....................................... FOREWORD ..................................................
vii
xi PKEFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Turbulent Atmospheric Diffusion: The First Twenty-Five Years, 1920- 1945. By J. K A M PL)E ~ F ~ R I E. .T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Limitations of Gradient Transport Modcls in Random Walks and in Turbulence. By STANLEY CORRSIN ........................ 25 Addendum : Random Walks on Markovian Binary Velocity Fields. By G. S.PATTERSON. JR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Height of the Mixed Layer in the Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary 73 AND s. P. S . ARYA. . . . . . . . . . . Layer. By JOOST A. BUS~NGER Transport of Heat across a Plane Turbulent Mixing Layer. By 93 HEINRICHE. FIEDLER.................................... Thermodynamic Model for the Development of a Convectively AND F. B. SMITH 1 1 1 LJnstable Boundary Layer. By D. J. CARSON Vertical Component of Turbulence in Convective Conditions. By S. J. CAUGHEY AND C. J. READINGS........................ 125 Surface Layer of the Atmosphere in Unstable Conditions. By ROBERT R. LONG................................................ 131 Numerical Simulation of Lagrangian Turbulent Quantities in Two . . . . . . . . . . . 141 and Three Dimensions. By RICHARDL. PESKIN.. The Eulerian--LagrangianRelationship Resulting from a Turbulence Model. By HJALMAR FRANZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Computational Modeling of Turbulent Transport. By JOHN L. L L ~ M I .and I ~ Y BEJANKHAWH-NOURI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .