Green Plants

Contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition page ix x 1 General features of the plant kingdom 1 Characteristics of the living state Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition Structure of the phototrophic cell Origin of the eukaryotic condition Evolutionary consequences of photosynthesis The mobility of plants Life cycles 1 Life cycles of the transmigrant forms 1 2 7 10 13 13 15 Sexual reproduction in later terrestrial vegetation Classification of the chlorophyllous phototrophs 16 2 The subkingdom Algae: Part 1 19 Biological features of algae Algae in which the chlorophyll is wholly or predominantly chlorophyll a 19 Prokaryotic forms Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 18 24 24 24 Eukaryotic forms 30 Rhodophyta 30 Bangiophycidae 31 Florideophycidae 33 Life histories of the Rhodophyta 35 Relationships of the Rhodophyta 36 3 The subkingdom Algae: Part 2 38 Algae containing chlorophylls a and b 38 Prokaryotic forms 38 Prochlorophyta 38 Eukaryotic forms 39 Chlorachniophyta Chlorophyta 39 39 Prasinophyceae 40 Chlorophyceae 40 Ulvophyceae 52 Charophyceae 61 Pleurastrophyceae 71 Evolution within the Chlorophyta Euglenophyta 71 71 vi CONTENTS 4 The subkingdom Algae: Part 3 75 Algae containing chlorophylls a and c 75 Chrysophyta 75 Xanthophyta 77 Bacillariophyta 80 Phaeophyta 83 Haptophyta 93