Advances In Insect Physiology, Vol. 24

Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 24 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in Insect Physiology edited by P. D. EVANS Department of Zoology, The University Cambridge, England Volume 24 ACADEMIC PRESS flarcourt Brace & Company, Publishers London San Diego New York Sydney Toronto Tokyo Boston ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24-28 Oval Road London NW1 7DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. San Diego, CA 92101 This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright 0 1994 by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-1 2-024224-9 Typeset by Columns Design & Production Services Ltd, Reading Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ Press Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Contents Contributors Homologous Structures in the Nervous Systems of Anthropoda W. KUTSCH and 0. BREIDBACH vi 1 Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids in Insects D. W. STANLEY-SAMUELSON 115 Cellular and Molecular Actions of Juvenile Hormone: General Considerations and Premetamorphic Actions L. M. RlDDlFORD 213 Mechanism of Action of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal &Endotoxins B. H. KNOWLES 275 Insect Glutamate Receptors P. N. R. USHERWOOD 309 Subject Index 343 Contributors 0. Breidbach Institut fur Angewandte Zoologie, Universitat Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany B. H. Knowles Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK W. Kutsch Facultat fur Biologie, Universitat Konstanz, 78434 Konstanz, Germany L. M. Riddiford Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA D. W. Stanley-Samuelson Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE 685834816, USA P. N. R. Usherwood Department of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD. UK Homologous Structures in the Nervous Systems of Arthropoda W. Kutscha and 0. Breidbachb a Fakultat fur Biologie, Universitat Konstanz, 7750 Konstanz, Germany lnstitut fur Angewandte Zoologie, Universitat Bonn, 5300 Bonn, Germany 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The phylum Arthropoda 1 1.2 New approaches, with a special consideration of the nervous system 2 1.3 The concept of the identified neurone 4 2 On the search for homology 5 2.1 From morphology to genetics 5 2.2 Development and immunohistochemistry 7 2.3 Definition of homology 10 3 Neural systems in Arthropoda 16 3.1 Insecta 16 3.2 Myriapoda 57 3.3 Crustacea 62 3.4 Chelicerata 69 3.5 Visual systems of Arthropoda 76 4 Conclusions 77 4.1 Segmentation 78 4.2 Homology 79 4.3 Phylogeny 80 Acknowledgements 83 References 83 Note added in proof 113 1 1.1 Introduction T H E PHYLUM A R T H R O P O D A The Arthropoda constitute the phylum with the highest diversity of species in the animal kingdom (Boudreaux, 1979). Originated in the Precambrium (Bergstrom, 1979), this monophylum (Paulus, 1979; Ax, 1984) basically consist