E-Book Overview
This study examines the relationship between race and sport and argues that races differ in achievement in various sports in part for genetic reasons. The adaptation of different races to varied environments provides them with a number of physical and psychological advantages and disadvantages in relation to each other in various sports. Differing levels of racial accomplishment in sports requiring different physical and psychological abilities reflect these adaptations.
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E-Book Content
RACE AND SPORT Evolution and Racial Differences in Sporting Ability
EDWARD DUTTON & RICHARD LYNN
Ulster Institute for Social Research
Published 2015 by Ulster Institute for Social Research 117 Purves Road London NW10 5TH, UK. www.ulsterinstitute.org ISBN 9780993000140
©2015 Edward Dutton and Richard Lynn All rights reserved
Printed in Great Britain
Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................... xvi Chapter 1 ...........................................................................1 Why Study the Relationship Between Race and Sport? 1. Introduction 2. Original Contribution 3. Why Study Race and Sport? 4. Potential Criticisms 5. Method 6. Outline 7. The Educated Reader Chapter Two ....................................................................21 Categories, Taxonomy and Science 1. Introduction 2. Stereotypes and Categories 3. What is “Science”? 4. On Speculation 5. Conclusion Chapter Three .................................................................33 Defining Sport 1. Introduction 2. Problems with Defining Sport: Theoretical Definitions 3. Persuasive Definitions 4. Lexical Definitions 5. Operational Definitions 6. Conclusion Chapter Four ...................................................................49 Defining Race iii
RACE AND SPORT
1. Introduction 2. Genetics: A Brief Introduction 3. The Formation of Races 4. Taxonomies of Races 5. Criticisms of the Concept of Race 6. Conclusion Chapter Five ................................................................... 73 The Heritability of Sporting Ability 1. Introduction. 2. The Genetic Argument 3. Twin Studies 4. Genetic Association Studies 5. Twin and Family Studies and Sporting Ability 6. Personality, Heritability and Sporting Ability 7. The Athletic Personality 8. Intelligence 9. Intelligence, Sport and Heritability 10. Conclusion Chapter Six .................................................................... 107 Racial Differences in Physical Traits Key to Sporting Success 1. Introduction 2. Race and Physical Adaptation 3. West Africans. 4. East Africans 5. Europeans 6. Northeast Asians 7. Genetics and Racial Differences 8. Physical Differences among Racial Subcategories 9. Racial Differences in Sexual Dimorphism 10. Conclusion iv
CONTENTS
Chapter 7 .......................................................................127 Race, Psychological Differences and Sport 1. Introduction 2. Race and Intelligence Differences 3. Criticisms of Race and IQ Data 4. Race and Personality Differences 5. Racial Differences in the Magnitude of Gender-Based Personality Differences 6. Conclusion Chapter 8 .......................................................................143 Environment and Culture 1. Introduction 2. Environmental Factors and Physical Racial Differences 3. Race and Cheating in Sport 4. Discussion of Race and Cheating Data 5. Environment and Racial-Psychological Differences 6. Cultural Factors in Racial Differences in Sporting Achievement 7. Cultural Determinism and Racial Differences in Sporting Achievement 8. Conclusion Chapter 9 .......................................................................181 Team Sports 1. Introducti