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NEW GUIDE TO SCIENCE
阿西莫夫最新科学指南 ［美］ I·阿西莫夫著
（上）
江苏人民出版社
凡剑（Ken777）藏书
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和我一样热爱科学 并同我一起生活的—— 珍妮特·杰普森·阿西莫夫
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在探索宇宙的奥秘中，人类表现了不 屈不挠的精神，他们以科学的方法为工具 不断取得成效，凡是为此所强烈吸引的人， 无不对科学的迅速发展感到激动和欢欣。 然而，如果一个人一心想跟上科学在 各个方面的进展，以便把这种进展向大众 进行解释的话，他又会感到如何呢？对他 来说，这种激动和欢欣会被一种绝望所冲 淡。 科学决不会停止不前。它就像回转画 一样， 即使在我们观察它的时候， 它也在微 妙地消失和变化。在任何时刻，如果我们 想要看一下它的每一个细节的话，它就会 立即把我们抛在后边。 1960 年， 《聪明人科学指南》出版了， 科学的发展马上就超了过去。为了使读者 了解像类星体和激光等新发现（1960 年人 们还不知道这两个词，但两年后就已经家
最新科学指南（上）
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喻户晓了），1965 年又出版了《聪明人科学指南新版》。 但是科学仍在迅猛前进。1965 年以后，脉冲星、黑洞、大陆漂 移、人类登月、快速眼动睡眠、引力波、全息摄影等各种新事物接连 出现。 于是到了出第三次新版本的时候了。书名叫什么呢？《聪明 人科学指南新新版》？显然不成。第三版直截了当地命名为《阿西 莫夫科学指南》，于 1972 年出版 科学仍然不肯停止前进的脚步。由于人类的探索，对于太阳 系的了解已经可以写成完整的一章了。现在我们有了新的膨胀的 宇宙、关于恐龙灭绝的新学说、夸克、胶子以及统一场论、磁单极、 能源危机、家用电脑、机器人、间断的进化、致癌基因等等。 所以又到了出另一个新版本——第四版的时候了。因为过去 每一版我都换一个书名，所以这一次也不例外。这次的书名为《最 新科学指南》。 艾萨克·阿西莫夫 1984 年于纽约 （朱
岚
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言 ······························································································ 1
前
科学是什么？······························································· 1
第一章
求知欲(2) 希腊人(5) 几何学和数学(7) 演绎法(8) 文艺复兴和哥白尼(10) 实验法和归纳法(12) 现代科学(15)
上
物理科学 ········································································ 17
篇
宇宙 ············································································ 19
第二章
宇宙的大小 ········································································ 19 早期的测量(20)
测量太阳系(22)
更遥远的恒星(25)
测量
恒星的亮度(30) 确定银河系的大小(33) 正在扩展的宇宙(36) 旋涡星系(39) 星系团(41)
宇宙的诞生 ········································································ 42 地球的年龄(43) 太阳与太阳系(46) 大爆炸(50)
太阳的死亡····································································· 53 新星与超新星(55) 恒星的演化(61)
观察宇宙的窗口································································· 68 望远镜(68) 分光镜(70) 照相术(73)
射电天文学(74)
眺望我们银河系之外(78)
新天体 ················································································ 80
最新科学指南（上）
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类星体(81) 中子星(86) 黑洞(92)
第三章
“空虚的”空间(95)
太阳系 ······································································ 100
太阳系的诞生··································································· 100 太阳 ·················································································· 107 月球 ·················································································· 111 测量月球(114) 到月球上去(115) 火箭技术(116) 探测月球(118) 宇航员和月球(123)
金星和水星 ······································································ 125 测量金星和水星(127) 金星探测器(129) 水星探测器(132)
火星 ·················································································· 133 绘制火星图(137) 火星探测器(139)
火星的卫星(142)
木星 ·················································································· 143 木星的卫星(143) 木星的形状和表面(148) 木星的物质(150) 木星探测器(152)
土星 ·················································································· 154 土星环(155) 土星的卫星(158)
最外围的行星··································································· 162 天王星(162) 海王星(165) 冥王星(168)
小行星群 ·········································································· 172 火星轨道外的小行星群(172) 掠地小行星和阿波罗天体(176)
彗星 ·················································································· 178 第四章
地球 ·········································································· 183
地球的形状和大小··························································· 183 地球是圆球形的(183) 大地水准面的测量(187) 地球重量的测定(190)
地球