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FESTKORPERPROBLEME ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS 29
FESTK(JRPER PROBLEME ADVANCES IN SOLID STA'I~ PHYSICS 29 Plenary Lectures of the Divisions Semiconductor Physics Thin Films Dynamics and Statistical Physics Magnetism Metal Physics Surface Physics Low Temperature Physics of the German Physical Society (DPG), M~Jnster, April 3 to 7, 1989
Edited by Ulrich RSssler With 204 Figures
Friedr.Vieweg & Sohn
Braunschweig/Wiesbaden
Editor:
Prof. Dr. Ulrich R6ssler Institut fdr Theoretische Physik Universit~it Regensburg P.O. Box 397 D-8400 Regensburg, F R G
Vieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Publishing Group. All rights reserved © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn VerlagsgeseIlschaft mbH, Braunschweig 1989
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder.
Printed by Lengericher Handelsdruckerei, Lengerich Bound by Hunke + Schr6der, Iserlohn Cover design: Barbara Seebohm, Braunschweig
ISSN
0430-3393
ISBN
3-528-08035-3
Foreword
The annual spring meeting of the Solid State Physics Division (Arbeitskreis Festk6rperphysik) of the German Physical Society took place in 1989 once more in Manster. As in previous years the plenary and invited talks presented at this meeting attracted and hold together the larger part of the attendents every day, which otherwise were dispersed over the numerous parallel sessions. A selection of these plenary and invited talks is the content of this volume of Advances in Solid State Physics/ Festk6rperprobleme. They are representative for the widespread activities in condensed matter physics and signalize particular achievements and concentration of research activities on special topics. The Walter-Schottky Prize 1989 was sbared by three scientists, U. Eckern, G. Sch6n and W. Zwerger, who received the award for their theoretical contributions to the understanding of quantum effects in superconducting tunnel-contacts and granular films. Pattern formation in liquid crystals, local probing of atomic arrangements in condensed matter by EXAFS, surface studies by scanning-tunnel microscopy, anisotropic propagation of heat pulses, lattice dynamics of surfaces including reconstructions, and fast relaxation of excitons and free carriers in semiconductors are topics of individual contributions. Two groups of papers, presented mainly in symposia during the conference, cover the current investigations of deep centers in semiconductors and the fabrication and physics of low dimensional semiconductor structures. In order to lower the cost of production and likewise the market prize this volume is produced from camera-ready manuscripts. On the other hand, the intention was to conserve the homogeneous appearance as a printed book. Thus, the authors had to carry also the burden of preparing a TEX-nicaUy perfect manuscript. Not all of them succeeded and their manuscripts had to be rewritten, at least partially. This tremendous work has been done with great care by Angela Reisser. The TEXinstructions have been prepared by Dr. Franz Malcher. Their help and effort was essential for the completion of this volume. Finally, I acknowledge the ever smooth cooperation with Bj6rn Gondesen (Vieweg-Verlag).
Regensburg,
April 1989
Ulrich ROssler
V
Contents
Ulrich Eckern and Gerd SchOn Charge Transfer between Weakly Coupled Normal Metals and Superconductors at Low Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wilhelm Zwerger Quantum Effects and the Onset of Superconductivity in Granular Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Ingo Rehberg, Bernhard L. Winkler