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The goal of an "integral psychology" is to honor and embrace every legitimate aspect of human consciousness under one roof. This book presents one of the first truly integrative models of consciousness, psychology, and therapy. Drawing on hundreds of sources—Eastern and Western, ancient and modern—Wilber creates a psychological model that includes waves of development, streams of development, states of consciousness, and the self, and follows the course of each from subconscious to self-conscious to superconscious. Included in the book are charts correlating over a hundred psychological and spiritual schools from around the world, including Kabbalah, Vedanta, Plotinus, Teresa of ?vila, Aurobindo, Theosophy, and modern theorists such as Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Jane Loevinger, Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan, Erich Neumann, and Jean Gebser. Integral Psychology is Wilber's most ambitious psychological system to date and is already being called a landmark study in human development.
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INTEGRAL PSYCHOLOGY
INTEGRAL PSYCHOLOGY Consciousness, Spirit, PsycholoBY, Therapy Ken Wilber
SHAMBHALA Boston &.. London 2000
SHAMBHA LA PUBLICATIONS, INC.
Horticultural Hall
300 Massachusetts Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115 www.shambhala.com ©2000 by Ken Wilber All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America €I This edition is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards Institute Z39.48 Standard. Distributed in the United States by Random House, Inc., and in Canada by Random House of Canada Ltd
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Wilber, Ken. Integral psychology: consciousness, spirit, psychology, therapylKen Wilber.-Ist pbk. ed. p. cm. Condensed version of Ken Wilber's System, self, and structure, which has previously only been available in volume four of The collected works of Ken Wilber. Includes index. ISBN 1-57062-554-9 (pbk.: alk. paper) I. Consciousness. 2. Psychology-Philosophy. I. Wilber, Ken. Works. 1998. II. Title.
99-053186 BF3 1I.W5765 2000 150--dC21
Contents Note to the Reader: A Daylight View
Vll
Part O ne GROUND: THE FOUNDATION
I. The Basic Levels or Waves 2. The Developmental Lines or Streams
I
5 28
3. The Self 4. The Self-Related Streams
Part Two PATH: FROM PREMODERN TO MODERN 5. What Is Modernity? 6. To Integrate Premodern and Modern 7. Some Important Modern Pioneers
57 59 66 74
Part Three FRUITION: AN INTEGRAL MODEL
8. The Archeology of Spirit 9. Some Important Developmental Streams 10. Spirituality: Stages or Not? I I. Is There a Childhood Spirituality? 1 2. Sociocultural Evolution 13. From Modernity to Postmodernity 14. The 1-2-3 of Consciousness Studies 1 5. The Integral Embrace
Charts Notes Index v
87 89 115 1 29 139 1 43 158 1 74 188
Note to the Reader A DAYLIGHT VIEW
T
HE WORD psychology means the study of the psyche, and the word psyche means mind or soul. In the Microsoft Thesaurus, for psyche we find: "self: atman, soul, spirit; subjectivity: higher self, spiritual self, spirit." One is reminded, yet again, that the roots of psychology lie deep within the human soul and spirit. The word psyche or its equivalent has ancient sources, going back at least several millennia BeE, where it almost always meant the animating force or spirit in the body or material vehicle. Sometime in sixteenth century Germany, psyche was coupled with logos-word or study-to form psychology, the study of the soul or spirit as it