Advances In Heterocyclic Chemistry

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD A. T. Balaban, Galveston, Texas A. J. Boulton, Norwich, England D. Comins, North Caroline, United States of America J. Joule, Manchester, United Kingdom V. Minkin, Rostov-on-Don, Russia A. Padwa, Georgia, United States of America C. A. Ramsden, Keele, England E. F. V. Scriven, Trafalgar, Indiana V. Snieckus, Ontario, Canada B. Stanovnik, Ljubljana, Slovenia C. Stevens, Gent, Belgium R. Taylor, York, United Kingdom J. A. Zoltewicz, Gainesville, Florida Advances in HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 101 Editor ALAN R. KATRITZKY, FRS Kenan Professor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2010 Copyright � 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made ISBN: 978-0-12-381306-0 ISSN: 0065-2725 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at www.elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound in USA 10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org CONTRIBUTORS Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the author’s contribution begins. David StC Black (97) School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia El Sayed H. El Ashry (161) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alex­ andria, Egypt; Fachbereich Chemie, Universitate Konstanz, D-78457