Particle Detection with Drift Chambers
Particle Acceleration and Detection springer.com The series Particle Acceleration and Detection is devoted to monograph texts dealing with all aspects of particle acceleration and detection research and advanced teaching. The scope also includes topics such as beam physics and instrumentation as well as applications. Presentations should strongly emphasize the underlying physical and engineering sciences. Of particular interest are • contributions which relate fundamental research to new applications beyond the immediate realm of the original field of research • contributions which connect fundamental research in the aforementioned fields to fundamental research in related physical or engineering sciences • concise accounts of newly emerging important topics that are embedded in a broader framework in order to provide quick but readable access of very new material to a larger audience The books forming this collection will be of importance for graduate students and active researchers alike. Series Editors: Alexander Chao SLAC 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA Christian W. Fabjan CERN PPE Division 1211 Genève 23 Switzerland Frank Zimmermann CERN SL-Division AP Group 1211 Genève 23 Switzerland
Walter Blum · Werner Riegler · Luigi Rolandi
Particle Detection with Drift Chambers
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Walter Blum MPI f¨ur Physik Werner-Heisenberg-Institut F¨ohringer Ring 6 80805 M¨unchen Germany
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Werner Riegler CERN 1211 Geneve 23 Switzerland
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Luigi Rolandi CERN 1211 Geneve 23 Switzerland
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ISBN: 978-3-540-76683-4
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-76684-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007940836 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface to the First Edition
A drift chamber is an apparatus for measuring the space coordinates of the trajectory of a charged particle. This is achieved by detecting the ionization electrons produced by the charged particle in the gas of the chamber and by