E-Book Content
Introduction to Quantum Information Processing — Draft W. L¨ ucke SS 2005
Institute for Physics and Physical Technologies Clausthal University Of Technology Leibnizstraße 4 D-38678 Clausthal–Zellerfeld
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Preface Quantum information processing is one of the most fascinating and active fields of contemporary physics. Its central topic is the coherent control of quantum states in order to perform tasks — like quantum teleportation, absolutely secure data transmission and efficient factorization of large integers — that do not seem possible by means of classical systems alone. The vast possibilities of physical implementations are currently being extensively studied and evaluated. Various proof-of-principle experiments have already been performed. However, in the present note only some possiblities can be indicated. Main emphasis will be on quantum optical methods, indispensable for transmission of quantum information. For more complete information on achivements and latest proposals concerning quantum information processing the Los Alamos preprint server http://xxx.lanl.gov/archive/quant-ph is highly recommended.
Recommended Literature: (Alber et al., 2001; Bowmeester et al., 2000; Ekert et al., 2000; Nielsen and Chuang, 2001; Preskill, 01; Shannon, 1949; Bertlmann and Zeilinger, 2002; Audretsch, 2002; Bruß, 2003)
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Contents I
Idealized Quantum Gates and Algorithms
1 Basics of Quantum Computation 1.1 Classical Logic Circuits . . . . . . . 1.2 Quantum Computational Networks 1.2.1 Quantum Gates . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Quantum Teleportation . . 1.2.3 Universality . . . . . . . . .
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2 Quantum Algorithms 2.1 Quantum Data Base Search . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Grover’s Algorithm . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Network for Grover’s Algorithm . 2.1.3 Details and Generalization . . .