E-Book Overview
This revised version of the original 1978 edition has been expanded with 44 new essays, all written by respected post-Cold War scholars who bring the latest perspectives to their topics. Of the original essays, 33 have been revised by new scholars and 43 have been revised by the original contributors. General category coverage includes concepts and doctrines, policymaking, commerce and science, human rights and arms control, with specific articles on topics ranging from anti-imperialism to environmental diplomacy, from refugee policies to terrorism and countermeasures. (20020901)
E-Book Content
ENCYCLOPEDIA of AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
ADVISORY BOARD
Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman San Diego State University
Nick Cullather Indiana University
Chester Pach Ohio University
William O. Walker III Florida International University
ENCYCLOPEDIA of AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Second Edition
VOLUME 1 Chronology A–D Alexander DeConde, Richard Dean Burns, and Fredrik Logevall, Editors in Chief Louise B. Ketz, Executive Editor
Copyright © 2002 by Charles Scribner’s Sons Charles Scribner’s Sons An imprint of the Gale Group 300 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10010 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy : studies of the principal movements and ideas / editors, Alexander DeConde … [et al.]--2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-684-80657-6 (set : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-684-80658-4 (v. 1) -- ISBN 0-684-80659-2 (v. 2) -- ISBN 0-684-80660-6 (v. 3) 1. United States--Foreign relations--Encyclopedias. 2. United States--Foreign relations--Philosophy--Encyclopedias. I. DeConde, Alexander. E183.7 .E52 2002 327.73'003--dc21
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z3948-1992 (Permanence of Paper)
2001049800
EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STAFF
This Book Was Produced by the Louise B. Ketz Agency Manuscript Editors
Nancy Belanger
Michael Levine Elizabeth I. Wilson
Linda Sanders
Bibliographic Researcher
Alison C. Kero Proofreaders
Janet Byrne
Carol Holmes Evangeline Legones Laura Patchkofsky Composition Manager
Evi Seoud Designer
Pamela A. E. Galbreath Typesetter
LM Design
Senior Editor
John Fitzpatrick Associate Publisher
Timothy J. DeWerff Publisher
Frank Menchaca
CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1607–2001 . . . . . xvii Richard Dean Burns and Louise B. Ketz AFRICAN AMERICANS . . . Brenda Gayle Plummer
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ALLIANCES, COALITIONS, AND ENTENTES . Warren F. Kimball
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ANTI-IMPERIALISM . . Robert Buzzanco
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ARBITRATION, MEDIATION, AND CONCILIATION Calvin D. Davis
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ARMED NEUTRALITIES . Ian Mugridge
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AMBASSADORS, EXECUTIVE AGENTS, AND SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES . Kenneth J. Grieb .