Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY Edited by A. H. ROSE Department of Microbiology University of Newcastle upon Tyne England and J. F. WILKINSON Department of General Microbiology University of Edinburgh Scotland VOLUME 2 1968 ACADEMIC PRESS LONDON and NEW YORK 2 0 JUN ?68 PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. BERKELEY SQUARE HOUSE BERKELEY SQUARE LONDON, W.1 U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORE, NEW YORE 10003 Copyright 0 1968 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the Dublishers Library of *Congress Catalog Card Number : 67-19850 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY SPOTTISWOODE, BALLANTYNE AND CO. LTD LONDON AND COLCHESTER Contributors to Volume 2 K. BERAN,Department of Technical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia. W. X. KELLEY, Department of Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. JUNE LASCELLES, Bacteriology Department, University of California, Los Angeks, California 90024, U.S.A. B. E.B.MOSELEY, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S.A. M. H. RICHMOND, Department of Moleculur Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh 9, Xcotland. M. SCRBECHTER,Department of Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors t o Volume 2 . V The Bacterial Photosynthetic Apparatus. JUNE LASCELLES I. An Introduction to the Photosynthetic Bacteria and their Pigments A. The Photosynthetic Pigments . B. Environmental Effects on Pigment Synthesis . 11. The Structure and Location of Chromatophore Material . A. Discovery and Definition of Chromatophores B. Electron Microscopy of Cells . C. Chromatophore Material and Cell Membrane D. Chlorophyll and Membrane Content . E. Peripheral and Internal Membrane as Sites for Pigments F. The Vesicles of the Green Bacteria . G . Conclusions 111. Isolation and Composition of Purified Chromatophores . A. Isolation Procedures . B. Composition C. Fractionation of Chromatophores . D. Immunological Reactivity IV. Formation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus . A. Differences between Members of the Athiorhodaceae Grown Photosynthetically and Aerobically B. Adaptive Synthesis of the Photosynthetic Apparatus . C. Chlorophyll Synthesis D. Regulation of Chlorophyll Synthesis . References . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 8 8 8 12 14 16 18 19 19 19 21 24 26 27 27 29 31 34 39 The Plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus and their Relation to Other Extrachromosomal Elements in Bacteria, M. H. RICHMOND I . Introduction . A. Historical . B. Curing C. Stability . D. The Plasmid Location of Penicillinase Genes . . . . . . . 43 43 44 45 48 ... CONTENTS Vlll . 11. Types of Staphylococcal Plasmid A. Plasmid-Borne Markers . B. Classification of Plasmids . C. Distribution and Abundance of Plasmid Types . D. Plasmid Nomenclature . 111. Transduction of Plasmids . A. Preparation of Transduciilg Phage B. Transductants Formed in Negative Recipients . C. Transductants Formed in Plasmid-Carrying Recipients . D. Compatibility E. The Role of Attachment in Recombination and Diploid Formation . F. Chromosomal Attachment of Plasmid Markers . G. ThePlasmidMap H. Size of the Penicillinase Plasmids . IV. A C