Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping With Complexity (human Factors In Defence)

Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity Daniel P. Jenkins Neville A. Stanton Paul M. Salmon Guy H. Walker ASHGATE e-BOOK COGNITIVE WORK ANALYSIS: COPING WITH COMPLEXITY Human Factors in Defence Series Editors: Dr Don Harris, Cranfield University, UK Professor Neville Stanton, Brunel University, UK Professor Eduardo Salas, University of Central Florida, USA Human factors is key to enabling today’s armed forces to implement their vision to ‘produce battle-winning people and equipment that are fit for the challenge of today, ready for the tasks of tomorrow and capable of building for the future’ (source: UK MoD). Modern armed forces fulfil a wider variety of roles than ever before. In addition to defending sovereign territory and prosecuting armed conflicts, military personnel are engaged in homeland defence and in undertaking peacekeeping operations and delivering humanitarian aid right across the world. This requires top class personnel, trained to the highest standards in the use of first class equipment. The military has long recognised that good human factors is essential if these aims are to be achieved. The defence sector is far and away the largest employer of human factors personnel across the globe and is the largest funder of basic and applied research. Much of this research is applicable to a wide audience, not just the military; this series aims to give readers access to some of this high quality work. Ashgate’s Human Factors in Defence series comprises of specially commissioned books from internationally recognised experts in the field. They provide in-depth, authoritative accounts of key human factors issues being addressed by the defence industry across the world. Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity DANIEL P. JENKINS NEVILLE A. STANTON PAUL M. SALMON GUY H. WALKER Human Factors Intergration Defence Technology Centre © Daniel P. Jenkins, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Daniel P. Jenkins, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker have asserted their moral rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. iPod is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Wey Court East Union Road Farnham Surrey GU9 7PT England Ashgate Publishing Company Suite 420 101 Cherry Street Burlington, VT 05401-4405 USA www.ashgatepublishing.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Cognitive work analysis : coping with complexity. - (Human factors in defence) 1. Human engineering 2. Task analysis 3. Military engineering I. Jenkins, Daniel P. 620.8’2 ISBN: 978-0-7546-7026-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cognitive work analysis : coping with complexity / by Daniel P. Jenkins ... [et al.]. p. cm. -- (Human factors in defence) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7026-1 1. Command and control systems--Data processing. 2. Human-machine systems--Design. 3. Human-computer interaction. 4. Systems analysis. I. Jenkins, Daniel P. UB212.C63 2008 355.3’3041--dc22 2008030279 Contents List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements About the Authors Commonly Used Analysis Acronyms and Initialisms Commonly Used Military Acronyms and Initialisms Glossary ix xv xvii xix xxiii xxv xxvii Chapter 1 Introduction Why CWA for Command and Control? Structure of the Book 1 2 4 Chapter 2 It’s a Complex World Introduction Complexity Command and Control C2 What Makes CWA Different From Other Human Factors Meth