Domestic Wastewater Treatment In Developing Countries

Download

E-Book Overview

Affordable and effective domestic wastewater treatment is a critical issue in public health and disease prevention around the world, particularly so in developing countries which often lack the financial and technical resources necessary for proper treatment facilities. This practical guide provides state-of-the-art coverage of methods for domestic wastewater treatment and provides a foundation to the practical design of wastewater treatment and re-use systems. The emphasis is on low-cost, low-energy, low-maintenance, high-performance 'natural' systems that contribute to environmental sustainability by producing effluents that can be safely and profitably used in agriculture for crop irrigation and/or in aquaculture, for fish and aquatic vegetable pond fertilization. Modern design methodologies, with worked design examples, are described for waste stabilization ponds, wastewater storage and treatment reservoirs; constructed wetlands, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, biofilters, aerated lagoons and oxidation ditches. This book is essential reading for engineers, academics and upper-level and graduate students in engineering, wastewater management and public health, and others interested in sustainable and cost-effective technologies for reducing wastewater-related diseases and environmental damage.

E-Book Content

Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries Duncan Mara London • Sterling, VA First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2004 Copyright © Duncan Mara, 2003 All rights reserved ISBN: 1-84407-019-0 paperback 1-84407-020-4 hardback Typesetting by MapSet Ltd, Gateshead, UK Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge Cover design by Danny Gillespie For a full list of publications please contact: Earthscan 8–12 Camden High Street, London, NW1 0JH, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7387 8558 Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998 Email: [email protected] Web: www.earthscan.co.uk 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA Earthscan publishes in association with WWF-UK and the International Institute for Environment and Development A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mara, D. Duncan (David Duncan), 1944Domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries / Duncan Mara. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-84407-020-4 (alk. paper) – ISBN 1-84407-019-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Sewage disposal–Developing countries. 2. Sewage--Purification–Developing countries. I. Title. TD627.M37 2004 628.3'09172'4–dc 2003023959 This book is printed on elemental chlorine free paper Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface Principal Notation List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ix xiii xv xvii 1 What is Domestic Wastewater and Why Treat It? Origin and composition of domestic wastewater Characterization of domestic wastewater Wastewater collection Why treat wastewater? Investment in wastewater treatment 1 1 2 5 5 6 2 Excreta-related Diseases Environmental classification of excreta-related diseases Global burden of excreta-related diseases 8 8 18 3 Essential Microbiology and Biology Introduction Viruses Bacteria and Archaea Protozoa Algae Helminths Freshwater micro-invertebrates 20 20 22 24 35 37 37 38 4 Effluent Quality Wastewater treatment objectives Wastewater re-use Discharge to inland waters Discharge to coastal waters BATNEEC or CATNAP? 41 41 42 43 52 54 5 BOD Removal Kinetics First-order kinetics Hydraulic flow regimes Limitations of simple first-
You might also like

Compressed Video Communications
Authors: Abdul H. Sadka    189    0

Abstract State Machines: Solutions To Exercises
Authors: Egon Boerger , Robert Staerk    181    0

Dictionary Of Engineering
Authors: McGraw-Hill    191    0

Woodworking Shopnotes 085 - Cutting Diagram
   185    0

Nanoscale Structure And Assembly At Solid-fluid Interfaces. Interfacial Structures Versus Dynamics
Authors: X. Y. Liu    151    0

Applications Of Nonlinear Fiber Optics
Authors: Govind Agrawal    175    0

Il-5 Receptor
Authors: Bagley Ch.J. , Tavernier J. , Woodcock J.M.    209    0

Pipelines And Risers
Authors: Yong Bai , R. Bhattacharyya and M.E. McCormick (Eds.)    180    0

Practical Ship Hydrodynamics
Authors: Volker Bertram    154    0

Foodborne Pathogens: Hazards, Risk Analysis, And Control
Authors: C. W. Blackburn , Clive de W. Blackburn , Peter McClure , P. J. Mcclure    130    0