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of contestation and alliance, themes and variations, and convergence and divergence between and within various blocs of nations.
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Global Media Spectacle
SUNY series in Global Media Studies Yahya R. Kamalipour and Kuldip R. Rampal, editors
To our families, with love and gratitude
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Contents
Figures and Tables
ix
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xv
Chapter 1.
Global Event, National Prisms
1
Chapter 2.
News Staging
21
Chapter 3.
Domestication of Global News
41
Chapter 4.
Hyping and Repairing News Paradigms
63
Chapter 5.
Banging the Democracy Drum: From the Superpower
85
Chapter 6.
Essentializing Colonialism: Heroes and Villains
109
Chapter 7.
Defining the Nation-State: One Event, Three Stories
127
Chapter 8.
Human Rights and National Interest: From the Middle Powers
151
Chapter 9.
Media Event as Global Discursive Contestation
169
Epilogue:
After the Handover
189
Appendix I.
Sampled Media Organizations
199
Appendix II. Interviewees
205
Appendix III. Guideline for Interview
209
Appendix IV. Content Analysis
215
Appendix V.
221
Coding Scheme
Notes
223
Bibliography
229
Authors
245
Index
247
vii
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Figures and Tables
Figure 1.1:
Conceptual Scheme of Comparative International Media Discourses
16
Table 1.1:
The Sample of Media Outlets
10
Table 1.2:
National Origins of Journalists Interviewed
12
Table 2.1:
Number of Media Organizations and Journalists Registered with the Handover Ceremony Coordination Office
25
References to the Prospect of Changes after the Handover
54
Table 3.2:
Tones on the PRC Government (in %)
56
Table 3.3:
News Sources from Different Countries
56
Table 3.4:
Official Sources from Different Countries
57
Table 3.5:
Top Ten Most Frequently Cited Sources by Country
58
Table 4.1:
Key Visual Devices from the Media Coverage
72
Table 5.1:
Ideological Packages of the U.S. Media Coverage
92
Table 7.1:
Discursive Packages of the PRC Media
129
Table 7.2:
Features of the Historical Scripts of the Three Media Narratives
147
Table 3.1:
Table 7.3:
Features of Discourse Structures of the Media Narratives 148
Table 9.1:
Domestic News vs. International News
173
Table 10.1:
Headlines of Hong Kong Anniversary Stories in the World Media
191
Topical Distribution of U.S. and British Media Coverage of Hong Kong (July 6, 1997–July 5, 1998)
196
Table 10.2:
ix
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Preface
If journalists are said to write the first draft of history, what kind of a history will they be writing in the age of globalized media? Does this history appear to be littered with contrived images and dramas, hyped media events, and ideologically soaked catchy phrases? All global news is local. How do the media—operating as a “twenty-four-hour ideological repair shop” (van Ginneken, 1998:32)—mold international news in accordance with nation