Reviews In Computational Chemistry, Volume 18

Reviews in Computational Chemistry Volume 18 Edited by Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Donald B. Boyd Reviews in Computational Chemistry Volume 18 Reviews in Computational Chemistry Volume 18 Edited by Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Donald B. Boyd Kenny B. Lipkowitz Department of Chemistry Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis 402 North Blackford Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202–3274, U.S.A. [email protected] Donald B. Boyd Department of Chemistry Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis 402 North Blackford Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202–3274, U.S.A. [email protected] Copyright © 2002 by Wiley-VCH, Inc., All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: [email protected] Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher, editors, and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. In no event shall the publisher, editors, or authors be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: ISBN 0-471-21576-7 ISSN 1069-3599 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface After our first publisher produced our first volume and we were in the process of readying manuscripts for Volume 2, the publisher’s executive editor innocently asked us if there was anything in the field of computational chemistry that we had not already covered in Volume 1. We assured him that there was mu