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Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables Edited by Wim Jongen Cambridge England Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington Cambridge CB1 6AH, England www.woodheadpublishing.com Published in North America by CRC Press LLC, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA First published 2005, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC © 2005, Woodhead Publishing Limited The authors have asserted their moral rights. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the publishers, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The consent of Woodhead Publishing and CRC Press does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from Woodhead Publishing or CRC Press for such copying. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Woodhead Publishing ISBN-13: 978-1-85573-956-7 (book) Woodhead Publishing ISBN-10: 1-85573-956-9 (book) Woodhead Publishing ISBN-13: 978-1-84569-024-3 (e-book) Woodhead Publishing ISBN-10: 1-84569-024-9 (e-book) CRC Press ISBN-10: 0-8493-3438-1 CRC Press order number: WP3438 The publishers’ policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp which is processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publishers ensure that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. Typeset by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed by TJ International Limited, Padstow, Cornwall, England Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Contents Contributor contact details Part I Identifying risks 1 Pathogens in vegetables K. Warriner, University of Guelph, Canada 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Human pathogens associated with vegetables 1.3 Characteristics of pathogens recovered from salad vegetables 1.4 Sources of contamination in the vegetable production chain 1.5 Interaction of human pathogens with growing vegetables 1.6 Implications for control 1.7 Future trends 1.8 Sources of further information and advice 1.9 References 2 Pathogens in fruit Y. Zhao, Oregon State University, USA 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Pathogens in particular types of fruit 2.3 Mechanisms of surface contamination 2.4 Mechanisms of internal contamination Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Implications for control Future trends Sources of further information and advice References 3 Measuring microbiological contamination in fruit and vegetables M. Pla, D. Rodríguez-Lázaro, E. Badosa and E. Montesinos, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology (INTEA), University of Girona, Spain 3.1