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The scope of this book is to show that protected areas may be the regions where early signs of the impact of global change can be observed. These signs are not limited to physical parameters like temperature, precipitation, etc. but could include changes in the biosphere and in social behavior. The book is a collection of papers presented at the meeting `Global Change and Protected Areas' held in L'Aquila, Italy, in September 1998. It is divided into four sections dealing with the physical evidence for climatic and environmental changes, the impact on the biosphere and hydrology and the socio-economic implications. The last section is a case study on the Abruzzo Region which has the peculiarity among the Italian regions of having dedicated a third of its territory to natural parks. Most of the contributions have been prepared for this book and each section is opened by a general review that may also be very useful as a teaching tool. The book will be useful for both the researcher and the student. This rather interdisciplinary subject is totally new, with very few books in print.
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GLOBAL CHANGE AND PROTECTED AREAS ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH VOLUME 9 Editor-in-Chief Martin Beniston, Institute of Geography, University of Fribourg, Perolles, Switzerland Editorial Advisory Board B. Allen-Diaz, Department ESPM-Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. R.S. Bradley, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. W. Cramer, Department of Global Change and Natural S ystems, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany. H.F. Diaz, NOAA/ERL/CDC, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. S. Erkman, Institute for Communication and Analysis of Science and Technology – ICAST, Geneva, Switzerland. M. Lal, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. U. Luterbacher, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. I. Noble, CRC for Greehouse Accounting and Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. L. Tessier, Institut Mediterranéen d’Ecologie et Paléoécologie, Marseille, France. F. Toth, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany. M.M. Verstraete, Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy. The titles in this series are listed at the end of this volume. GLOBAL CHANGE AND PROTECTED AREAS Edited by Guido Visconti Department of Physics, University of L’Aquila, L‘Aquila, Italy Martin Beniston University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Emilio D. Iannorelli Regione Abruzzo, L‘Aquila, Italy and Diego Barba Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico d’Abruzzo, L’Aquila, Italy KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: Print ISBN: 0-306-48051-4 0-7923-6918-1 ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://kluweronline.com http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents Contributors Acknowledgements XIII XVII SECTION 1: CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 1 Global change and mountain regions - an IGBP initiative for collaborative research 3 A. Becker, H. Bugmann. Climate variations in Italy in the last 130 years 11 M. Brunetti, L. Buffoni, F. Mangianti, M. Maugeri, T. Nanni Dendroclimatic information on silver fi