Advances In Electronics And Electron Physics, Vol. 35

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This volume contains review articles covering a broad range of topics in image processing and analysis. The topics covered include image analysis - which has united and harmonized a host of heterogeneous material; contemporary approaches to the Fourier transform; number theoretic transforms, which are particularly attractive for discrete, finite signals; the use of the Wigner distribution - which encodes both spatial and spectral information, for image filtering; and applications of the concept of information energy. These up-to-date surveys are intended to provide the reader with access to the latest results in the extremely active field of image science.

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ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 35 CONTRIBUTORS TO THISVOLUME George Abraham Jean-Loup Delcroix Richard G . Fowler R. N. Jackson K. E. Johnson Armando Rocha Trindade Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY L. MARTON Stnitlisoriiati Itwtitiitioil, Washitlgton. D.C. Assistarif Editor CLAIRE MARTON EDITORIAL BOARD E. R . Piore T. E. Allibone M . Ponte H. B. G . Casimir A . Rose W. G . Dow L. P. Smith A . 0. C. Nier F. K . Willenbrock VOLUME 35 1974 ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT 0 1974, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART O F THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Ediiion published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWI LIBRARY OF PRINTED CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:49-7504 IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 35 . FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vii ix Nonlinear Electron Acoustic Waves. Part I RICHARD G . FOWLER I. 11. Ill. IV . lntroduction . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory Experiments . . . . . Theories . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion to Part I . . . . . . List of Symbols . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 4 . 56 . . 83 . . 84 . 85 Hollow Cathode Arcs JEAN-LOUP DELcnoix I. I1. Ill . IV . V. VI . V11 . VIII . AND ARMANDO ROCHATRINDADE lntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Historical Review of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . Working Regimes of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Conditions for Low-Pressure HCA (N. LQ, and LI Regimes) Experimental Results for the Normal Regime . . . . . . . Theory of the HCA in the N Regime . . . . . . . . . . Applications of HCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 91 92 103 109 157 175 184 185 Gas Discharge Displays: A Critical Review R . N . JACKSON and K . E . JOHNSON I. I 1. 111. IV . V. Introduction . . The Characteristics dc Arrays . . . ac Arrays . . . Conclusion . . References . . . . . . . . . . of dc Discharge Cells . . . . . . .