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P1: FCG/FFX BY034-FM P2: FCG/FFX BY034-Fleming QC: FCG/FFX T1: FCG BY034-Fleming-v3.cls October 30, 2004 10:39 Intercellular Communication in Plants i P1: FCG/FFX BY034-FM P2: FCG/FFX BY034-Fleming QC: FCG/FFX T1: FCG BY034-Fleming-v3.cls October 30, 2004 10:39 Annual Plant Reviews A series for researchers and postgraduates in the plant sciences. Each volume in this series focuses on a theme of topical importance, and emphasis is placed on rapid publication. Editorial Board: Professor Jeremy A. Roberts (Editor-in-Chief ), Plant Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Professor Hidemasa Imaseki, Obata-Minami 2 4 19, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463, Japan; Dr Michael T. McManus, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Dr Jocelyn K. C. Rose, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Titles in the series: 1. Arabidopsis Edited by M. Anderson and J. A. Roberts 2. Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism Edited by M. Wink 3. Functions of Plant Secondary Metabolites and their Exploitation in Biotechnology Edited by M. Wink 4. Molecular Plant Pathology Edited by M. Dickinson and J. Beynon 5. Vacuolar Compartments Edited by D. G. Robinson and J. C. Rogers 6. Plant Reproduction Edited by S. D. O’Neill and J. A. Roberts 7. Protein–Protein Interactions in Plant Biology Edited by M. T. McManus, W. A. Laing and A. C. Allan 8. The Plant Cell Wall Edited by J. K. C. Rose 9. The Golgi Apparatus and the Plant Secretory Pathway Edited by D. G. Robinson 10. The Plant Cytoskeleton in Cell Differentiation and Development Edited by P. J. Hussey 11. Plant–Pathogen Interactions Edited by N. J. Talbot 12. Polarity in Plants Edited by K. Lindsey 13. Plastids Edited by S. G. Møller 14. Plant Pigments and their Manipulation Edited by K. M. Davies 15. Membrane Transport in Plants Edited by M. R. Blatt 16. Intercellular Communication in Plants Edited by A. J. Fleming ii P1: FCG/FFX BY034-FM P2: FCG/FFX BY034-Fleming QC: FCG/FFX T1: FCG BY034-Fleming-v3.cls October 30, 2004 10:39 Intercellular Communication in Plants Edited by ANDREW J. FLEMING Professor of Plant Sciences University of Sheffield, UK iii P1: FCG/FFX BY034-FM P2: FCG/FFX BY034-Fleming QC: FCG/FFX T1: FCG BY034-Fleming-v3.cls October 30, 2004 10:39 c 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Editorial offices: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Tel: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 ISBN 1-4051-2068-1 ISSN 1460-1494 Published in the USA and Canada (only) by CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Orders from the USA and Canada (only) to CRC Press LLC USA and Canada only: ISBN 0-8493-2363-0 ISSN 1097-7570 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the