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Numerous changes have occurred since the first edition of this "Encyclopedia" (which was a CHOICE Outstanding Reference) published in 1995. These changes include the decrease of crack cocaine use and resurgence of heroin use; changes in laws dealing with drug use - on both the state and national levels; and new discoveries leading to a better understanding of how drugs work and what makes them addictive. More than 700 articles intended for the student and layperson cover the social, medical and political issues related to drugs and alcohol, as well as types of addiction.
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ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR ENCYCLOPEDIA of DRUGS, ALCOHOL & ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR Editorial Board EDITOR IN CHIEF Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, M.D. Durham, North Carolina EDITORS Kathleen M. Carroll, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine Jeffrey Fagan, Ph.D. Professor of Public Health Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Henry R. Kranzler, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D. Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar and Candler Professor Yerkes Regional Primate Center ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR ENCYCLOPEDIA of DRUGS, ALCOHOL & ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR SECOND EDITION VOLUME 3 R–Z ROSALYN CARSON-DEWITT, M.D. Editor in Chief Durham, North Carolina Copyright © 2001 by Macmillan Reference USA, an imprint of the Gale Group All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Macmillan Reference USA An imprint of the Gale Group 1633 Broadway New York, NY 10019 Macmillan Reference USA An impr