Power Systems Vasily Y. Ushakov et al. Impulse Breakdown of Liquids Vasily Y. Ushakov et al. Impulse Breakdown of Liquids With 202 Figures and 23 Tables Vasily Y. Ushakov Tomsk Polytechnik University Lenin Ave. 30 TOMSK russische föderation 634034
[email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929737 ISBN 978-3-540-72759-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Production: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., Puducherry, India Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 11685579 42/3100/Integra 5 4 3 2 1 0 The main physical processes and phenomena in pulsed electric breakdown of liquids are described. The nature of charge carriers, mechanisms of formation and evolution of the gas phase, and their role in charge ignition (initiation) and development are considered. Spatiotemporal laws of propagation and parameters of charge channels are described. The basic mechanisms of liquid breakdowns and boundary conditions of their initiation are formulated. The monograph will be useful to experts in high-voltage pulsed technology, physics of dielectrics, and electrical insulation as well as to students of the corresponding speciality. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Introduction. Brief Historical Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV References to Preface and Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIV 1 Behavior of Liquids in Strong Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Liquid Pressure under an Electric Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Liquid pressure under conditions of impulse breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Nature of the electrostriction pressure . .