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This book is a beginners introduction to chemical thermodynamics for engineers.In the textbook efforts have been made to visualize as clearly as possible the main concepts of thermodynamic quantities such as enthalpy and entropy, thus making them more perceivable. Furthermore, intricate formulae in thermodynamics have been discussed as functionally unified sets of formulae to understand their meaning rather than to mathematically derive them in detail.
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Chemical Energy and Exergy: An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics for Engineers by Norio Sato • ISBN: 044451645X • Pub. Date: April 2004 • Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology Books PREFACE This book is a beginner's introduction to chemical thermodynamics for engineers. According to the author's experience in teaching physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics is the most difficult part for junior students to understand. Quite a number of students tend to lose their interest in the subject when the concept of entropy has been introduced in the lecture of chemical thermodynamics. Having had the practice of chemical technology after their graduation, however, they realize acutely the need of physical chemistry and begin studying chemical thermodynamics again. The difficulty in learning chemical thermodynamics stems mainly from the fact that it appears too conceptual and much too complicated with many formulae. In this textbook efforts have been made to visualize as clearly as possible the main concepts of thermodynamic quantities such as enthalpy and entropy, thus making them more perceivable. Furthermore, intricate formulae in thermodynamics have been discussed as functionally unified sets of formulae to understand their meaning rather than to mathematically derive them in detail. Most textbooks in chemical thermodynamics place the main focus on the equilibrium of chemical reactions. In this textbook, however, the affinity of irreversible processes, defined by the second law of thermodynamics, has been treated as the main subject. The concept of affinity is applicable in general not only to the processes of chemical reactions but also to all kinds of irreversible processes. This textbook also includes electrochemical thermodynamics in which, instead of the classical phenomenological approach, molecular science provides an advanced understanding of the reactions of charged particles such as ions and electrons at the electrodes. Recently, engineering thermodynamics has introduced a new thermodynamic potential called exergy, which essentially is related to the concept of the affinity of irreversible processes. This textbook discusses the relation between exergy and affinity and explains the exergy balance diagram and exergy vector diagram applicable to exergy analyses in chemical manufacturing processes. This textbook is written in the hope that the readers understand in a broad way the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy from chemical thermodynamics in practical applications. Finishing this book, the readers may easily step forward further into an advanced text of their specified line. vi PREFACE The author finally expresses his deep gratitude to those who have contributed to the present state of chemical thermodynamics on which this book is based. He also thanks Mrs. Y. Sato for her assistance. Norio Sato Sapporo, Japan December 2003 Table of Contents Preface Ch. 1 Thermodynamic state variables 1 Ch. 2 Conservation of energy 9 Ch. 3 Entropy as a state property 19 Ch. 4 Affinity in irreversible processes 37 Ch. 5 Chemical potential 45 Ch. 6 Unitary affinity and equilibrium 57 Ch. 7 Gases, liquids, a