MEMBRANE DISTILLATION PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS by
MOHAMED KHAYET Dept of Applied Physics I, Univ Complutense of Madrid, Spain
and
TAKESHI MATSUURA Industrial Membrane Res Laboratory, Dept of Chem Biol Eng, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Preface
As human population grows, serious problems are imposed upon the current production systems such as carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere, shortage in fresh water supply and large energy consumption. Sustainable growth of human activities is thus becoming increasingly more difficult. Under these circumstances, development of novel industrial processes requiring less energy is of vital importance. It is hence natural that the membrane separation process has continued to replace conventional separation processes from the time of its inception almost a half century ago due to its inherently less energy requirement. As a result, pressure-driven processes such as reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, ultrafiltration, membrane gas and vapour separation are nowadays considered as well established and reliable separation processes. As they grow mature, membrane separation processes of second generation are searched for to further enhance the productivity a