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[email protected]@K @FA UEOUS ELEC ROLYTE THERMODYNAMICS 9 This page intentionally left blank BFAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE Theory & Application JosephChem E Solve, Zemaitis,Jr. Inc. Diane M. Clark OLI Systems, Inc. Marshall Rafal OLI Svstems. Inc. Noel C. Scrivner E.I. dubnt de Nemours & Co., Inc. WILEYINTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION A publication of the Design Institute for Physical Property Data (DIPPR) Sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, New York 10017 No part. of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otheiwise, except as permitted under Scctions 107 or 108 of thc 1976 United Statcs Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., I 1 1 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. 0 Copyright 1986 American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Inc. 345 East Forty-Seventh Street New York, New York 10017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN 978-0-8 169-0350-4 AlChE shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or printed in its publications. 1 Dedication: his book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Joseph F. Zemaitis,Jr. Dr. Zemaitis, a colleague and friend for many years, was responsiblefor the outline of this book and the writing of the first three chapters. In a larger sense, he provided for the synthesis of a very diverse body of work into a coherent framework for problem solving. We dearly hope that our dedication to and respect for his memory is reflected in the content of this work. Diane M. Clark Marshall Rafal Noel C. Scrivner This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgment: T h e authors wish to express their gratitude to Lisa Perkalis.This book could not have been completed without her word processing skills, patience and dedication in the face of never-ending “small” changes to the manuscript. vi Sponsors: T h e DlPPR sponsors of this project, and the technical representatives who served on the steering committee are listed below. Stars indicate those companies which supported the project throughout its three year duration. Sponsors of DIPPR Project 811 (1981-1 983) Partlclpant *Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. Allied Corporation *Amoco Chemicals Corporation Chevron Re