Fundamentals of Biochemistry A Textbook H.P.GAJERA Assistant Professor Deparbnent of Biochemistry College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India - 362 001 S.V.PATEL Associate Research Scientist Deparbnent of Biochemistry College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India - 362 001 B. A. GOLAKIYA Professor & Head Deparbnent of Biochemistry College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India - 362 001 International Book Distributing Co. (Publishing Division) Published by INTERNATIONAL BOOK DISTRIBUTING CO. (Publishing Division) Khushnuma Complex Basement 7, Meerabai Marg (Behind Jawahar Bhawan) Lucknow 226001 U.P. (INDIA) TeI. : 91-522-2209542, 2209543, 2209544, 2209545 Fax: 0522-4045308 E-Mail:
[email protected] First Edition 2008 ISBN: 978-81-8189-165-5 © Publisher All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or h"ansmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Composed & Designed at : Panacea Computers 2nd Floor, Agarwal Sabha Bhawan, Subhash Mohal Sadar Cantt., Lucknow-226 002 Phone: 0522-2483312, 9335927082, 9452295008 E-mail:
[email protected] Printed at: Salasar Imaging Systems C-7/5, Lawrence Road Industrial Area Delhi -110035 Tel. : 011-27185653, 9810064311 Dr. B. K. Kikani Vice-chancellor Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh- 362001 FOREWORD Biochemistry is a gateway of all the branches of life science. It's a field of enormous interest and utility. Biochemistry is a study of the molecule of life. Our understanding of the molecular nature of life is growing at an incredible rate. It is difficult to embody all the information related to this subject in a single collection. If at all it has been done than the user will be discouraged by its volume. It is than even more tough task to encapsulate huge bulk of literature in a small handy book. This effort is done by our team in the Department of Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. The tools of biochemistry have been used to explain biological processes such as origin of life, cell development, cell differentiation, metapolisms, energy dynamics, origin and cause of diseases and even human behaviors. The principles of biochemistry are now reaching into chemistry, the health sciences, nutrition, agriculture, physiology, immunology, neurology, cell biology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, ecology, computer science and psychology. Not only the biochemistry expanding; other disciplines are using the tools of biochemistry to solve their unique problem. Thus biochemistry is seated at the core of other branches of science. This particular branch is engaged in understanding the nature and properties of the life throbbing around us. It is at the threshold where non living biomolecules through some intricate forces starts dancing while getting alive; and we call it a living being. This science has yet to fill up a knowledge gap about secret of life itself. This text book is a distillation