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STUDIES IN SEMITIC CONTEMPORARY LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS JOURNALISTIC MALTESE EDITED BY An Analytical and Comparative Study G. F. PIlPER Emeritus Professor in Arabic Language and Literature in the University of Amsterdam BY VIII EDWARD FENECH CONTEMPORARY EDWARD FENECH JOURNALISTIC MALTESE LEIDEN LEI DEN E. J. BRILL E. J. BRILL 1 978 1978 CONTENTS NARoDNi KNIHOVNA 111 1 1 1 1 1111 1111 111111111111 1111 11 11 111111111 1 1 101313633849 PREFACE . ABBREVIATIONS 0. 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.41 0.42 0.5 0.51 0 . 52 0.53 06. T1379 4 l. l.l l .2 l .2 1 l .2 1 1 l .212 l .22 l . 221 l .21 1 ISBN 90 04 05756 0 Copyright 1978 by E. 1. Brill, Leiden , The Netherlands A ll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission ji-om the publisher PRINTED IN BELGIUM l . 22 1 2 INTRODUCTION Aim of Research Scope of Research . Nature and Extent of Previous Studies History of the Press in Malta The Maltese Press Abroad Brief Appraisal of the Historical Aspect of the Maltese Press . Present State of the Contemporary Maltese Press The Weekly Newspapers . The Daily Newspapers Main Linguistic Trends in the Modern Newspapers Method of Research . PHONOLOGY A N D ORTHOGRAPHY Phonological and Orthographic Preliminaries The Orthography o f the Newspapers Symbols used in the Newspapers Symbols used for the Vowels and Diphthongs in the Newspapers . Symbols used for the Consonants i n the Newspapers Spelling Trends Peculiar to the Newspapers, Phonologically Conditioned Spellings . Modifications involving Vowels and Diphthongs ( I ) Omission of the Vowel i in initial position (2) Omission of the Morphologically Pertinent Vowels (3) Misplacement of the Euphonic Vowel . (4) Misplacement of the Prosthetic Vowel ( 5) Replacement of i- by j- as Prefix in the Imperfect (6) Replacement of ie by i or e . (7) Replacement of i or e by ie . Modifications involving Consonants ( I ) Replacement of Consonants by Allophonic SymboIs : n > m, d > t, p > b XIII XVII 2 3 4 7 9 10 10 12 13 14 16 16 17 17 17 20 25 26 26 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 32 32 VI CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 . 223 (2) Omission of the Consonant r between two other Consonants (3) Use of Single instead of Double Consonants (4) Use of Double instead of Single Consonants (5) Redundant use of gn as length marker Spellings having Morphological Characteristics ( 1 ) Duplication ofj and w for Morphological Reasons (2) Misplacement of gn (3) Omission of gn (4) Redundant use of the Definite Article Appraisal of the Journalistic Trends in Spelling 2. 2. 1 2.2 2. 2 1 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.3 2.3 1 2.32 2.33 2.4 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 M ORPHOLOGY Preliminary Considerations The Verb Semitic Maltese Verbs Romance Maltese Verbs Maltese Verbs derived from English Patterns followed by Romance and English loan verbs �N� Semitic Maltese Nouns Romance Maltese Nouns M altese Nouns borrowed from English The Adjective Semitic Maltese Adjectives Romance Maltese Adjectives Maltese Adjectives borrowed from English The Personal Pronouns The Pronominal Suffixes The Adverb The Preposition The Conjunction 39 39 39 39 41 43 44 % 46 .48 50 53 53 54 55 56 56 58 58 59 3. 3. 1 3.2 3.21 3 . 22 3 . 23 3.3 3.31 SYNTAX Preliminary Considerations Definiteness The Definite Article The Pronominal Suffixes with Nouns The Construct State Indefiniteness Absence of the Marker indicating Definiteness 61 61 61 62 66 67 69 70 1 .222 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3 . 36 3 . 37 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3