Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology 2nd Edition This Page Intentionally Left Blank Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology 2nd Edition Annalisa Berta Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego, California James L. Sumich Biology Department Grossmont College El Cajon, California Kit M. Kovacs Biodiversity Programme Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø, Norway With illustrations by Pieter Arend Folkens A Higher Porpoise Design Group Benecia, California Peter J. Adam Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego, California AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO An imprint of Elsevier Cover illustrations: Carl Buell Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail:
[email protected] You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright & Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13: 978-0-12-369499-7 ISBN 10: 0-12-088552-2 Printed in the United States of America 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments x 1. Introduction 1.1. Marine Mammals—“What Are They?” 1.2. Adaptations for Aquatic Life 1.3. Scope and Use of This Book 1.4. Time Scale 1.5. Early Observations of Marine Mammals 1.6. Emergence of Marine Mammal Science 1.7. Further Reading and Resources References 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 9 9 PAR