E-Book Content
5 The Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding CCDP Working P aper Role and Governance of Islamic Charitable Institutions: The West Bank Zakat Committees (1977–2009) in the Local Context Emanuel Schäublin ne en Li e Gr Jenin WEST BANK Tubas Tulkarm Qalqilyah Nablus MEDITERRANEAN SEA Ramallah and Al Bireh Jericho JORDAN Tel Aviv Green Line Salfit Jerusalem ISRAEL Deir Al Balah ine nL Gaza SEA DEAD WEST BANK Gaza North Hebron Gr ee GA ZA ST RI P Bethlehem Khan Younis EGYPT Rafah 0 kilometres Miles 30 20 This map is for illustrative purposes only (to indicate the borders of the various governorates) and does not imply an opinion on the political frontier. Note however that most governorates have been diminished in size by Israeli settlement construction and the Separation Barrier (for details see the maps of B’tselem, the Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: ). Role and Governance of Islamic Charitable Institutions: The West Bank Zakat Committees (1977–2009) in the Local Context Emanuel Schäublin 2 Contents Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Author’s acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Acronyms and Arabic terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanation of acronyms and terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanation of Arabic terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note on spelling of Arabic words and translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 7 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Historical overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase 1: until 1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase 2: 1968 – 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase 3: 1994 – 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase 4: Hamas governs the PA (March 2006 – June 2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase 5: Prime Minister Fayyad’s emergency cabinet (June 2007 – until present) . . . . . . 15 15 15 17 17 18 Zakat committees in the local context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .