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This is the first in-depth reconstruction of a major British decolonization based fully on original documentation. It is essential reading for anybody interested in the response of policy makers to the challenge of 'terrorism' overseas after 1945, the liquidation of the British Empire, the breakdown of ethnic co-existence under intense pressure, and the effects of regional destabilization on the wider international system.
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BRITAIN AND THE REVOLT IN CYPRUS, 1954-1959 This page intentionally left blank Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus 1954-1959 ROBERT HOLLAND CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD This book has been printed digitally and produced in a standard specification in order to ensure its continuing availability OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto with an associated company in Berlin Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Robert Holland 1998 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) Reprinted 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer ISBN 0-19-820538-4 Jacket illustration: A detail from 'Harding's Nightmare", painted in Cyprus by George Pol. Georghiou, 1957 For Jack This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author of a book as long as this one inevitably contracts many debts of gratitude along the way. I have received much assistance from librarians and archivists, notably in the Public Record Office of the United Kingdom at Kew, the Public Record Office of the Republic of Cyprus (whose Keeper, Mrs Effie Parparinou, gave me advice on her collection, and much else besides), the National Archives of the United States in Washington, the extremely hospitable Eisenhower Presidential Library at Abilene, Kansas (especially Mr Dwight D. Strandberg), Rhodes House Library in Oxford, whose then Librarian, Mr Alan Bell, afforded me advance access to the Cyprus Papers of Lord Caradon, the Library of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in London, and the Library of the Archbishop Makarios III Foundation, which allowed me to use their newspaper collection in that cool and lovely archiepiscopal corner of Nicosia. I am indebted to the Academic Affairs Division of NATO which awarded me a Research Fellowship in 1991-2, allowing me to carry out extensive work in the United States and Cyprus during a sabbatical. The Central Research Fund of the University of London provided a small travel subsidy in 1993. The inclusion in this book of a set of fine photographs has only been possible through the generosity of Mr Constantine Leventis. I was immensely fortunate from almost my first day researching this topic in Nicosia to find a real 'home from home'