Advances in PARASITOLOGY VOLUME 15 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by BEN DAWES Professor Emeritus, University of London VOLUME 15 1977 ACADEMIC PRESS London New York San Francisco A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road London NW17DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS ZNC. 111 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright 01977 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. AN Righis Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:62-22124 ISBN :0-12-03 1715-X PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ADLARD A N D SON LTD, BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKlNG CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 15 JAMESC. CHUBB,Department of Zoology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England (p. 133) D. A. DENHAM, Department of Medical Helminthology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WClE 7HT, England (p. 243) DAVIDA. ERASMUS, Department of Zoology, University College, CardiT, Wales (p. 201) M . A. GEMMELL, Hydatid Research Unit, Research Division Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand (p. 311) P. B. MCGREEVY, Department of Medical Helminthology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WClE 7HT, England (p. 243). P. D. JOHNSTONE,Invertnay Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mosgiel, New Zealand (p. 311) DAVIDH. MOLYNEUX, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, England (p. 1) R. E. PURNELL, Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berks, England (p. 83) This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE When I was approached by Academic Press and asked if I would write the Preface and a Tribute to the late Professor Dawes in this volume, I felt honoured and moved. In the Preface to the present volume I have attempted to introduce the non-specialist reader to the six full reviews and to highlight just a few of the interesting and important points. The Tribute to Professor Dawes follows the Preface. The reviews cover a wide variety of topics. The first two papers are concerned with protozoa; one deals with the interactions between flagellates and their invertebrate hosts and the other with certain aspects of recent research on East Coast fever. The first of the four helminth reviews is concerned with the seasonal occurrence of helminths of freshwater fishes and is confined to Monogenea. The next review is also concerned with Trematoda, but here the emphasis is on the importance of the host-parasite interface. The fifth review, on filarial nematodes, deals with epidemiological and experimental studies in Brugianfilariasis.The final review covers experimental aspects of the epidemiology of hydatidosis and cysticercosis. The review by David H. Molyneux concerning the vector relationships in the Trypanosomatidae also includes monogenetic flagellates of insects as these are considered to be valuable models in enabling a better understanding of the digenetic forms. There is an increase in the type and complexity of vectors as we proceed up the evolutionary scale with respect to host. In the freshwater and marine teleost fishes and also in elasmobranchs, the trypanosomes are transmitted by leeches and this is also the case as far as is known, in the caudate members (Urodela) of the Amphibia. However, in the Anura (frogs, toads, etc.) as well as leeches acting as vectors, sandflies are also implicated and an investigation of blood