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Since its inception in 1945, this serial has provided critical and integrating articles written by research specialists in industrial, analytical, and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and instrumentation methodology in the study of carbohydrates. The articles provide a definitive interpretation of the current status and future trends in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry.
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Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry Volume 52 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry Editor DEREK HORTON The American Universiry Washington,DC Board of Advisors GUYG. S. DWITON LAURENS ANDERSON fhl%”llP J. ANGYAL STEPHEN HANESSIAN HANSH. BAER BENGTLINDBERG CLINTON E. BALLOU HANSPAULSEN NATHANSHARON JOHNS. BRIMACOMBE J. F. G. VLIEGENTHART J. GRANT BUCHANAN ROY L. WHISTLER Volume 52 ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright ,@ 1997 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-1997 chapters are as shown on the title pages, if no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0065-23 1/97 $25.00 Academic Press a division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http:/iwww.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NW 1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-007252-I PRINTED IN THE LTNlTED STATES OF AMERICA 97 98 9 9 0 0 01 0 2 B B 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Maurice Stacey 1907- 1994 PAUL F~NCH AND w. GEORGE OVEREND Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 1 . . . 20 Nomenclature of Carbohydrates Preamble 2.Cab.0 . 2-Cab- 1. 2.Cab.2 . 2.Cab.3 . 2.Carb.4 . 2.Cab.5 . 2.Carb.6 . 2.C~b.7 . 2.Cab.8 . 2.Cab.9 . 2.Cab.10 . 2-Carb- 1 1. 2-Cab- 12. 2.Carb.13 . 2-Carb- 14. 2.C~b.15 . 2-Cab- 16. 2.Carb.17 . 2-Carb- 18. 2.Carb.19 . ............................................. Historical Development of Carbohydrate Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parent Monosaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Fischer Projection of the Acyclic Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configurational Symbols and Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyclic Forms and Their Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anomeric Forms: Use of LY and j3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conformation of Cyclic Forms . . . . . .