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Whereas most textbooks of neurology approach the subject from either a symptomatic or a diagnostic standpoint, this dictionary focuses on some of the neurological signs which may be elicited through history-taking and physical examination. More than 600 structured and cross-referenced definitions are supplemented, where appropriate, with the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological basis of each sign. Hence the semiological value of signs is elucidated in a way which attempts to integrate clinical phenomenology with underlying neurobiology, thus guiding anatomical and pathological diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This book will be of interest to all students of neurology, undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as more experienced clinicians, including general physicians and general practitioners, and members of ancillary professions who care for patients with neurological disease.
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A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS CLINICAL NEUROSEMIOLOGY
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A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS CLINICAL NEUROSEMIOLOGY
A.J. LARNER MA, MD, MRCP(UK), DHMSA Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, U.K.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-47505-7 1-4020-0043-X
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:
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To my parents
Lexicographer: a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in ... detailing the signification of words. Samuel Johnson. A Dictionary of the English Language. 1755
Lexicographer: a pestilent fellow who, under the pretence of recording some particular stage in the development of a language, does what he can to arrest its growth, stiffen its flexibility, and mechanize its methods. Ambrose Bierce. The Devil’s Dictionary. 1911
CONTENTS
Foreword by Martin N. Rossor
ix
Preface by the author
xi
Acknowledgements
xv
A
1
B
34
C
43
D
57
E
73
F
79
G
90
H
95
I
113
J
118
K
121
L
124
M
129
N
142
O
149
P
157
Q
181 - vii -
R
182
S
190
T
204
U
211
V
214
W
220
X
224
Y
225
Z
226
FOREWORD
Neurology has always been a discipline in which careful physical examination is paramount. The rich vocabulary of neurology replete with eponyms attests to this historically. The decline in the importance of the examination has long been predicted with the advent of more detailed neuroimaging. However, neuroimaging has often provided a surfeit of information from which salient features have to be identified, dependent upon the neurological examination. A dictionary of neurological signs has a secure future. A dictionary should be informative but unless it is unwieldy, it cannot be comprehensive, nor is that claimed here. Andrew Larner has decided sensibly to include key features of the history as well as the examination. There is no doubt that some features of the history can s