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A collection of 18 essays addressing the policy and politics of educating English language learners. Subjects include demographic change and its educational implications, American responses to language diversity, public controversies over bilingual education, high-stakes testing and its impact on English language learners, and the precarious status of language rights in the USA.
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Advocating for English Learners
BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND BILINGUALISM Series Editors: Professor Nancy H. Hornberger, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA and Professor Colin Baker, University of Wales, Bangor, Wales, Great Britain Recent Books in the Series Language Learning and Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Approach Margaret R. Hawkins (ed.) Bilingual Education in South America Anne-Marie de Mejía (ed.) Teacher Collaboration and Talk in Multilingual Classrooms Angela Creese Words and Worlds: World Languages Review F. Martí, P. Ortega, I. Idiazabal, A. Barreña, P. Juaristi, C. Junyent, B. Uranga and E. Amorrortu Language and Aging in Multilingual Contexts Kees de Bot and Sinfree Makoni Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (4th edn) Colin Baker Bilingual Minds: Emotional Experience, Expression and Representation Aneta Pavlenko (ed.) Raising Bilingual-Biliterate Children in Monolingual Cultures Stephen J. Caldas Language, Space and Power: A Critical Look at Bilingual Education Samina Hadi-Tabassum Developing Minority Language Resources Guadalupe Valdés, Joshua A. Fishman, Rebecca Chávez and William Pérez Language Loyalty, Language Planning and Language Revitalization: Recent Writings and Reflections from Joshua A. Fishman Nancy H. Hornberger and Martin Pütz (eds) Language Loyalty, Continuity and Change: Joshua A. Fishman’s Contributions to International Sociolinguistics Ofelia Garcia, Rakhmiel Peltz and Harold Schiffman Bilingual Education: An Introductory Reader Ofelia García and Colin Baker (eds) Disinventing and Reconstituting Languages Sinfree Makoni and Alastair Pennycook (eds) Language and Identity in a Dual Immersion School Kim Potowski Bilingual Education in China: Practices, Policies and Concepts Anwei Feng (ed.) English Learners Left Behind: Standardized Testing as Language Policy Kate Menken Pathways to Multilingualism: Evolving Perspectives on Immersion Education Tara Williams Fortune and Diane J. Tedick (eds) Biliteracy and Globalization: English Language Education in India Viniti Vaish Forging Multilingual Spaces: Integrating Majority and Minority Bilingual Education Christine Hélot and Anne-Marie de Mejía (eds) For more details of these or any other of our publications, please contact: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com
BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND BILINGUALISM 69 Series Editors: Nancy H. Hornberger and Colin Baker
Advocating for English Learners Selected Essays James Crawford
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Crawford, James Advocating for English Learners: Selected Essays / James Crawford. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Education, Bilingual–United States. 2. English language–Study and teaching– Foreign speakers. 3. Education– Political aspects– United States. I. Title. II. Series. LC3731.C728 2008 428.2’4– dc22 2008005758 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-073-9 (hbk) ISBN-13: 978-1-84769-072-2 (pbk) Multilingual Matters Ltd UK: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon BS21 7HH. USA: UTP, 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA. Canada: UTP, 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario M3H 5T8, Canada. Copyright © 2008