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This volume contains review articles covering a broad range of topics in image processing and analysis. The topics covered include image analysis - which has united and harmonized a host of heterogeneous material; contemporary approaches to the Fourier transform; number theoretic transforms, which are particularly attractive for discrete, finite signals; the use of the Wigner distribution - which encodes both spatial and spectral information, for image filtering; and applications of the concept of information energy. These up-to-date surveys are intended to provide the reader with access to the latest results in the extremely active field of image science.
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ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS
VOLUME 38
CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME Raymond Bowers K. Frank Jeffrey Frey F. T. Hambrecht Hermann A. Haus Bruce D. McCombe Robert A. Puce1 M. E. Scharfe F. W. Schmidlin Hermann Statz Robert J. Wagner
Advances in
Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY L. MARTON Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D .C . Assistant Editor CLAIRE MARTON
EDITORIAL BOARD E. R. Piore T. E. Allibone H. B. G . Casimir M. Ponte W. G. Dow A. Rose A. 0. C. Nier L. P. Smith F. K . Willenbrock
VOLUME 38
1975
ACADEMIC PRESS
New York San Francisco London
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT 0 1975, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
111 Fifth Avenue, New York,New York 10003
United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWI
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARDNUMBER:49-7504 ISBN 0-12-014538-3 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA
CONTENTS
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vii
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ix
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 38 FOREWORD ..
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Intraband Magneto-Optical Studies of Semiconductors in the Far Infrared II
BRUCED . MCCOMBE AND ROBERT J . WAGNER V . Bound Carrier Resonances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI . Interaction of Free and Bound Carriers with Collective Excitations . VII . Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 19 47 50
The Future Possibilities for Neural Control
F. T. HAMBRECHT AND K . FRANK I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TI . Potential Applications under Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . I11. Concepts and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV Future Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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55
56 68
77 79
Charged Pigment Xerography
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M . E SCHARFE AND F. W . SCHMIDLIN I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 . General Discussion of the Xerographic System . . . . . . . . . . I11. Physical Discussion of the Photoreceptor Subsystem and Its Coupling to the Development System . . . . . . . . . . . . IV . Physical Basis for Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y
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83 85 100 113 144 144
vi
CONTENTS
The Impact of Solid State Microwave Devices: A Preliminary Technology Assessment JEFFREY FREY AND RAYMOND BOWER