Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 16 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 16 Edited by SIR FREDERICK S. RUSSELL Plymouth, England and SIR MAURICE YONGE Edinburgh, Scotland Academic Press London New York San Francisco 1979 A Sulsidiay of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 OVAL ROAD LONDON NW1 7DX U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK Copyright 10003 0 1979 by Aca.demicPress Inc. (London) Ltd. All rights reserved NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-14040 ISBN: 0-12-02611&2 PRINTED IN QEUCAT BRITAIN BY TEE WHITEPRIARS PRESS LTD. LONDON A N D TONBRIDQE CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 16 R. V. GOTTO,Department of Zoology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdum. ROGERP. HARRIS,Plymouth Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, England. G. Y. KENNEDY, The University of Shefield, England. GUSTAV-ADOLF PAFFENHOFER, Skidaway Institute of Oceanogrqhy, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A. A. J. UNDERWOOD, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, N.S.W . 2006, Australia. This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS .. .. .. .. V .. .. 1 .. .. 3 111. Classification of Associated Forms and Other Systematic .. .. .. . . Considerations . . .. 3 COXTRIBWTORS TO VOLUME 16 .. The Association of Copepods with Marine lnvertebrates R. V. GOTTO .. Previous Reviews . . I. Introduction 11. .. .. .. .. IV. General Studies of Single Species .. .. .. .. .. .. .. V. Anatomical and Functional Aspects A. Integument .. .. .. .. B. Sensory Structures . . .. .. .. C. FoodandFeeding .. .. .. .. D. Structural Studies of the Alimentary Canal E. Reproduction and Allied Topics . . .. 40 .. .. .. 42 42 43 45 53 54 .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 .. .. IX. Effect on Host and Host Reaction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 VIII. Preferential Host Niche . . .. .. .. .. 74 VI. Host Specificity .. .. .. .. .. VII. Attraction to Host X. Morphological Variability at Infraspecific Level XI. Sibling Speciation .. XII. Population Studies XIII. Larval Studies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 70 75 .. 80 .. 82 viii OONTENTS XIV. Associated Harpacticoids and Calanoids A. Harpacticoids .. .. B. Calanoids . . .. .. .. XV. Future Investigations XVI. References XVII. Addenda .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 84 84 89 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 91 .. .. .. 107 .. .. 111 I. .. .. .. 90 The Ecology of intertidal Gastropods A. J. UNDERWOOD I. Introduction .. .. .. .. 11. Factors Affecting the Establishment of