Advances in VIRUS RESEARCH VOLUME 46 ADVISORY BOARD DAVIDBALTIMORE PAULKAESBERG ROBERT M. CHANOCK BERNARD Moss PETERC. DOHERTY ERLINGNORRBY N. FIELDS BERNARD AKIRAOYA H. J. GROSS J. J. SKEHEL B. D. HARRISON R. H. SYMONS M. H. V. VANREGENMORTEL Advances in VIRUS RESEARCH Edited by KARL MARAMOROSCH FREDERICK A. MURPHY Department of Entomology Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis, California AARON J. SHATKIN Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine Piscataway, New Jersey VOLUME 46 W ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1996 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. A Division of Harcourt Brace 19Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX International Standard Serial Number: 0065-3527 International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-039846-X PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 95 96 9 7 9 8 99 0 0 B C 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Poliovirus Assembly and Encapsidation of Genomic RNA DAVIDANSARDI.DONNAC. PORTER. MARIEJ . ANDERSON. AND CASEYD . MORROW Overview ........................................................ 2 3 Genomic Organization ............................................ Poliovirus Life Cycle ............................................. 6 14 Poliovirus Virion ................................................. 19 Morphogenesis of Poliovirus ...................................... 30 RNA Encapsidation Process ....................................... 34 New Methods to Study Poliovirus Assembly ........................ I. I1. I11. IV . V. VI . VII . VIII . Complementation System to Study Poliovirus Encapsidation ........ IX . Perspectives on Poliovirus Assembly ............................... References ....................................................... 39 53 56 Genome Rearrangements of Rotaviruses I. I1. I11. IV . V. VI . VII . VIII . IX . X. ULRICH DESSELBERGER Discovery of Genome Rearrangements ............................. Extent of Genome Rearrangements in Rotaviruses ................. Sequence Data of Rearranged Genes ............................... Genome Rearrangements Generated in Vitro ....................... Mechanisms of Genome Rearrangements .......................... Biophysical Data ................................................. Function of Rearranged Genes and Their Products ................. Genome Rearrangements and Evolution of Rotaviruses ............. Genome Rearrangements in Other Genera of Reouiridae ............ Outlook ......................................................... References ....................................................... 71 75 75 79 82 86 86 91 92 92 93 Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase and Early Events in Reverse Transcription ERICJ . ARTSAND MARKA . WAINBERG I. Introduction ..................................................... I1. Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication V .... 99 101 vi CONTENTS I11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ........................... IV . Human Immunodeficiency V