Managing Conflict In The New Europe: The Role Of International Institutions

Managing Conflict in the New Europe The role of International Institutions Fergus Carr and Theresa Callan Managing Conflict in the New Europe Managing Conflict in the New Europe The Role of International Institutions Fergus Carr Principal Lecturer in International Politics University of Portsmouth and Theresa Callan Lecturer in International Politics University of Portsmouth © Fergus Carr and Theresa Callan 2002 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0–333–75013–6 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carr, Fergus Managing conflict in the new Europe: the role of international institutions/ Fergus Carr and Theresa Callan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–333–75013–6 (cloth) 1. Europe–Foreign relations–1989- 2. International agencies. 3. Security, International. I. Callan, Theresa, 1967- II. Title JZ1570 .C37 2002 341.5’23’094–dc21 2001058504 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne To the memory of Sean Carr and Francis Callan Contents Acknowledgements ix Preface xi List of Abbreviations xiii 1 Managing Conflict in the New Europe International institutions, states and cooperation Conclusions 1 3 14 2 Conflict in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Worlds Introduction Conflict and the international order in the Cold War Soviet security interests United States security in Europe The nuclear arms race Détente The role of the United Nations in Cold War conflict resolution Transition in the European order The new world order United States security in the new world order Russian security in the new European order The new European order Conclusion 19 19 19 20 25 30 33 Conflict and its Management Managing conflict in the Cold War era The salience of intra-state conflict Bipolarity, contingency and complementarity: writings on conflict management Addressing intra-state conflict The need for a ‘new diplomacy’ Contemporary conflict ‘management’ Conflict resolution Post-conflict peace-building Conclusion 55 56 58 3 vii 34 36 40 42 45 49 53 64 66 69 73 74 76 80 viii Contents 4 The New European Security Architecture Introduction NATO The United Nations The OSCE within the European security architecture The European Union NATO’s 1999 Strategic Concept Conclusio